保险法中的合理期待:从规则向原则的回归

发布时间：2018-01-21 08:26

本文关键词： 合理期待说明义务不利解释法律规则法律原则　出处：《比较法研究》2015年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：保护当事人合理期待是合同法隐含的基本原则,但20世纪70年代以来,美国法院开始将之作为解释保险合同时普遍适用的方法,据此否定合同中对承保范围的明确规定,重构合同权利义务。将这一作为兜底性条款的抽象法律原则事实上转化为优先适用的具体法律规则。这种做法既未能消减不公平条款,也有悖于保险营业的技术特性,因而不值采行。但另一方面,保险作为公共物品的属性和保险市场固有的结构性利益失衡表明,仍有必要实现合理期待从具体解释规则向如给付均衡一般的抽象矫正原则回归。这也可弥补基于给付均衡原则的司法审查不及于核心给付条款的局限。
[Abstract]:It is an implicit basic principle of contract law to protect the reasonable expectations of the parties, but since 1970s, American courts have begun to use it as a universal method to interpret insurance contracts. This negates the explicit provision of the scope of insurance in the contract. Reconstructing contractual rights and obligations. The abstract principle of law, which is regarded as a bottom clause, is in fact transformed into a specific legal rule of priority. It is also contrary to the technical characteristics of insurance business, so it is not worth adopting. But on the other hand, the nature of insurance as a public good and the inherent structural imbalance of interest in the insurance market indicate that. It is still necessary to realize the regression of reasonable expectation from concrete interpretation rules to abstract correction principles such as payment equilibrium, which can also make up for the limitation that the judicial review based on the principle of equilibrium of benefits is not as good as the core provision.
【作者单位】：西北政法大学;
【基金】：笔者主持的国家法治与法学理论项目“保险合同法结构性变革与制度创新”(13SFB3028)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.284
【正文快照】： 在一国法律体系中,商法的地位通常并不突出。湮没于其中的保险法更是籍籍无闻。关于保险法问题的讨论很难激起学者与法官的兴趣,但罗伯特·基廷(Robert E.Keeton)1970年在《哈佛法律评论》上发表的《保险法中存在的与保单规定相冲突的权利》一文中提出的,应当“满足被保险人合

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