预期违约救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 15:05

本文关键词： 预期违约救济方式赔偿损失解除合同　出处：《重庆大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：合同违约通常情况下是指实际违约，但是如果一方当事人在合同履行期届至前发生违约的则构成预期违约。这一违约状态与实际违约相对应。预期违约规则是英美法所特有的一项制度,这一立法精华被许多国家立法予以吸收，我国亦不例外。预期违约设立的目的是为了避免在合同履行过程中一方提前毁约的风险，减少对社会资源的浪费及时解决合同纠纷，维护交易的安全性和效益性，并为受害方提供了法律救济。受害方可依法尽早采取对策积极减少损失，根据不同情况其可以选择解除合同、要求损害赔偿等措施。同时还要注意减少损失规则及合同预见规则在预期违约责任承担中的适用。关于预期违约制度的规定，从各国立法看，美国《统一商法典》的规定最为完备。我国合同法并没有对预期违约制度作一个系统的规定，以致在实践中出现这一情况时不知如何解决。对预期违约规则进行研究，也是为了更好的完善我国的合同法。我国对预期违约救济的规定的过于笼统，不够具体和完善，不能很好的保护当事人的权益，给司法操作带来困难，并且不利于我国对完备市场交易秩序的建立。本文对预期违约的救济方法作了更深一步的分析，包括英国法与美国法的相关规定并结合我国合同法相关规定的现状，提出一些完善的建议，希望对我国预期违约规则的构建有益。本文第一部分介绍了预期违约的概念和制度价值、预期违约的分类包括明示预期违约和默示预期违约两种、两种类型的构成要件以及二者的区别；第二部分介绍了英美法上预期违约的救济方式。英国预期违约包括拒绝履行之意思表示和因债务人的行为发生的履行不能两种类型、英国法预期违约的法律后果。美国预期违约的救济方式包括对预期拒绝履行的救济措施和预期履行不能的救济措施及预期违约责任的承担。英美预期违约救济方式的比较；第三部分介绍了我国《合同法中》预期违约救济制度的不足与完善。我国预期违约救济制度的立法现状及完善方法。
[Abstract]:Breach of contract usually refers to actual breach of contract. However, if a party breaks the contract until the date of performance, it constitutes the expected breach of contract. This state of default corresponds to the actual breach. The rule of anticipatory breach is a special system of Anglo-American law. This legislation essence is absorbed by many countries, China is no exception. The purpose of expected breach of contract is to avoid the risk of one party breaking the contract in the process of contract performance, reduce the waste of social resources to solve the contract disputes in time, and maintain the security and efficiency of the transaction. It also provides legal relief for the injured party. The injured party can take countermeasures as soon as possible to actively reduce losses and can choose to terminate the contract according to different circumstances. We should also pay attention to the application of loss reduction rules and contract foresee rules in the expected liability for breach of contract. As for the regulation of anticipatory breach of contract, from the point of view of legislation of various countries, the United States "uniform Commercial Code" is the most complete one. China's contract law does not make a systematic provision on the system of anticipatory breach of contract. So that in practice, I do not know how to solve this situation. The study of the rules of anticipatory breach of contract is also in order to perfect the contract law of our country. In our country, the provisions of anticipatory remedy for breach of contract are too general, not specific and perfect, can not protect the rights and interests of the parties, and bring difficulties to the judicial operation. And it is not conducive to the establishment of a complete market transaction order in China. This paper makes a further analysis of the remedy method of anticipatory breach of contract. Including the relevant provisions of British law and American law and combined with the current situation of the relevant provisions of Chinese contract law, this paper puts forward some perfect suggestions, hoping to be beneficial to the construction of the rules of anticipatory breach of contract in our country. The first part of this paper introduces the concept and institutional value of anticipatory breach of contract. The classification of anticipatory breach of contract includes express anticipatory breach of contract and implied anticipatory breach of contract, the constitutive elements of the two types and the difference between them. The second part introduces the remedy of anticipatory breach of contract in Anglo-American law. The expected breach of contract in Britain includes two types: the expression of intention of refusal to perform and the failure to perform as a result of the debtor's behavior. The legal consequences of anticipatory breach of contract in English law. The remedy for anticipatory breach of contract in the United States includes remedies for expected refusal to perform and for failure of expected performance and liability for expected breach of contract. Form of comparison; The third part introduces the deficiency and perfection of the system of anticipatory breach relief in contract law of our country, the legislation present situation and the perfect method of the system of anticipatory breach of contract in our country.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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