生物技术专利权滥用的法律规制

发布时间：2018-02-05 02:35

本文关键词： 生物技术专利权滥用法律规制　出处：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：21世纪生物技术发展更加迅速,生态、人口、环境以及疑难病症等难题离不开对生物技术的研发和利用,越来越多的国家加大了对生物技术研发的扶持,偏重对生物技术发明的专利保护,而忽视了对专利权滥用的规制。生物技术专利权人滥用自己在技术、信息等方面的独占优势,打压他人的竞争,破坏市场良好的竞争秩序,最终阻碍一国的技术进步和经济增长。因此,进一步研究专利权滥用的法律规制问题,对预防专利权滥用的损害有重要的现实意义。生物技术专利是指针对某项具体的生物技术发明成果由特定专利机构授予其发明者的、在一定期限内对其发明成果所依法享有的独占实施权。生物技术领域的特殊性决定了生物技术专利的特点：一是专利性基准因技术主题的不同,差异很大；二是权利要求过于宽泛；三是大量生物技术专利主要用于科学研究,而非商业活动。出于对伦理道德问题的担忧,专家学者对涉及人类基因、克隆等敏感问题的生物技术能否授予专利权尚存在争议。尽管生物技术专利权对-国的经济发展有重要的意义,但世界范围内对生物技术专利权的保护仍很不平衡。美国保护标准相对开放,欧盟保护标准相对严谨,发展中国家由于资金、技术等原因保护还相当薄弱,常常成为生物技术专利权争夺战中的受害者。生物技术发达国家利用自身专利优势在医药、农业等领域滥用专利权,容易带来损害伦理道德、垄断基因资源源头、阻碍后续创新等特殊风险。伦理道德理论、经济增长理论、权限理论、利益平衡理论是规制生物技术专利权滥用的理论基础,可作为规制的理论依据。专利法、反垄断法、反不正当竞争法及合同法中的制度安排可作为规制的现实法律依据。我国目前直接针对生物技术专利权滥用规制的系统立法尚未确立,散见于专利法、反垄断法、反不正当竞争法等有关法律中的规定在一定程度上可规制生物技术专利权滥用,但这些法律本身还存在问题且针对性不强,不足以遏制生物技术专利权滥用的危害。因此,需要进一步完善现有相关规定,并增加专利法、反垄断法和反不正当竞争法中的针对性规定,以更好地对我国生物技术专利权滥用进行有效的法律规制。
[Abstract]:In 21th century, biotechnology developed more rapidly, ecology, population, environment and difficult diseases and other difficult problems can not be separated from the development and use of biotechnology, more and more countries increased the support for biotechnology research and development. The patent protection of biotechnology invention is emphasized, but the regulation of patent abuse is ignored. The patentee of biotechnology abuses his exclusive advantage in technology, information and so on, and suppresses the competition of others. Destroy the good competition order of the market, and ultimately hinder the technological progress and economic growth of a country. Therefore, further study on the legal regulation of patent abuse. It is of great practical significance to prevent the abuse of patent right. Biotechnology patent refers to a specific biotechnology invention achievements awarded by a specific patent agency to its inventor. The special nature of biotechnology determines the characteristics of the biotechnology patent: first, the patent standard varies greatly because of the different technical themes; Second, the claim is too broad; Third, a large number of biotechnology patents are mainly used for scientific research, not for commercial activities. Whether or not to grant patent rights to biotechnology on sensitive issues such as cloning is controversial, although biotechnology patents are of great significance to the economic development of the country. However, the protection of biotechnology patent right in the world is still very uneven. The United States protection standards are relatively open, the European Union protection standards are relatively strict, and the protection of developing countries due to funds, technology and other reasons is still quite weak. Biotechnology developed countries use their own patent advantages in medicine, agriculture and other areas of abuse of patent rights, easy to bring harm to ethics. Monopolize the source of genetic resources, hindering follow-up innovation and other special risks. Ethics theory, economic growth theory, authority theory, benefit balance theory are the theoretical basis of regulating the abuse of biotechnology patent right, which can be used as the theoretical basis of regulation. Patent law, anti-monopoly law. The system arrangement in anti-unfair competition law and contract law can be regarded as the realistic legal basis of regulation. At present, the system legislation of direct regulation on patent abuse of biotechnology has not been established in China, which is scattered in patent law and anti-monopoly law. Anti-unfair competition law and other relevant laws can regulate the abuse of biotechnology patent rights to a certain extent, but these laws still have problems and are not targeted. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the existing relevant provisions, and increase the patent law, anti-monopoly law and anti-unfair competition law targeted provisions. In order to better our country biotechnology patent right abuse carries on the effective legal regulation.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.42

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