合同违约与侵权竞合的纠纷解决—《侵权责任法》实施后的新思考

发布时间：2018-02-10 17:09

本文关键词： 责任竞合法律适用赔偿范围法域扩张　出处：《宁波大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在一些存在合同关系的加害给付案件中，关于责任人的责任承担会出现责任竞合的现象。合同履行的不完全，除可能损害债权人的履行利益外，还可能发生对债权人固有利益的损害。当合同一方当事人受到合同履行不能或者瑕疵履行而导致的人身伤害的情况下，，当事人可以根据不同法律的责任构成要件、救济途径、适用的法律后果等因素，进行利益权衡从而确定其权利主张。本文在对这些因素进行对比后，主要提出当出现人身伤害时，《侵权责任法》在保护人身权利上具有一定优势。在《侵权责任法》实施以前，法律允许受害的当事人根据不同法律的不同功能和价值取向，对于主张其权利的方式作出自由的选择。《侵权责任法》和《合同法》在立法上分属不同的价值领域。依据《合同法》和《民法通则》对当事人权益的保护和责任竞合情形的处理具有一定局限性。在责任竞合的情况下，寻求权利救济的方式和获得救济的范围存在不足。在《侵权责任法》颁布实施以后，一方面，要重视该法在责任竞合时发挥出的保护人身权益的巨大作用，建立起一个和谐稳定的民法体系。《侵权责任法》对于责任竞合的处理在对于受害者利益的保护和合同相对人对于加害方的追偿权的实现中，在举证责任承担，保护利益的范围等方面，均具有传统民法不具有的优势。另一方面，《侵权责任法》对于当事人权益是有了更多的保护，但也与其他法域之间出现了冲突，《侵权责任法》的适用是需要慎重对待的。特别是在合同法领域，《侵权责任法》在发挥其优势之时，也需要在立法技术上予以改进，避免过多的介入。《侵权责任法》的适用在实践中越来越广泛，其生存空间是广阔和必要的。但是作为其日益扩张的适用范围，一些原属于合同利益，例如加害给付的受害利益的履行利益，是否也受到侵权法的规制，侵权责任法如何介入，在何种程度上介入都是本文需要探讨的。
[Abstract]:In some cases where there is a contractual relationship between injurious benefits and payments, the liability of the responsible person may appear to be concurrent. The incomplete performance of the contract, in addition to the possibility of harming the creditor's performance interests, It may also cause damage to the inherent interests of the creditor. When a party to a contract is injured by the personal injury caused by the inability or defective performance of the contract, the parties may, according to the constitutive requirements of different laws, have access to remedies, After comparing these factors, the author puts forward that the Tort liability Law has certain advantages in protecting personal rights when personal injury occurs. Prior to the implementation of the Tort liability Law, the law allowed injured parties to have different functions and value orientations according to different laws. The tort liability law and the contract law respectively belong to different value areas in legislation. According to the contract law and the general principles of civil law, the rights and interests of the parties are protected and held responsible. The handling of competing cases has certain limitations. In the case of concurrence of responsibilities, There are deficiencies in the way of seeking right relief and the scope of obtaining relief. After the promulgation and implementation of the Tort liability Law, on the one hand, it is necessary to attach importance to the enormous role that the Law plays in protecting the rights and interests of the person when the law is competing with each other. Establish a harmonious and stable civil law system. The tort liability law deals with the concurrence of liability in the protection of the interests of the victim and the realization of the counterparty's right of recourse to the injurious party, and bears the burden of proof. On the other hand, the Tort liability Law has more protection for the rights and interests of the parties. However, conflicts have also arisen with other jurisdictions, and the application of the Tort liability Law needs to be treated with caution. Especially in the field of contract law, the Tort liability Law also needs to be improved in terms of legislative techniques when it exerts its advantages, Avoid too much intervention. The application of Tort liability Law is more and more extensive in practice, and its living space is broad and necessary. Whether it is also regulated by tort law, how to intervene tort liability law, and to what extent it needs to be discussed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923

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