总承包人向发包人提起工程索赔实务问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 23:21

本文选题：工程签证与索赔　切入点：索赔证据　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国建筑施工行业迎来第二次高峰期,对总承包人来说是机遇与竞争并存。本文并非鼓励"超低价中标勤索赔"的恶性竞争,而是在总承包人能保证工程质量达到合格、优良(最好能达到鲁班奖等荣誉奖励)的情况下维护总承包人合法权益。目前总承包人和发包人之间存在一种微妙的人情关系,二者地位严重不平等,大多数情况下,总承包人为了能从发包人手中拿到项目对发包人的要求大都是照单全收。同时总承包人自身也不重视工程索赔程序和工程索赔证据收集。当出现索赔难的情况时,总承包人能否运用合同法"有约定从约定"原则转嫁工程索赔风险?工程索赔能否适用"债权转让"?是否适用"优先受偿权"以及能否就工程索赔款主张利息等疑难问题普遍存在。笔者结合自身一线实务经验以及相关案例,就总承包人向发包人提起工程索赔问题从实务角度进行了探讨。全文由四个部分组成:第一部分是对总承包人向发包人提起工程索赔的基本理论研究。文章首先对总承包人向发包人提起工程索赔进行了界定;之后分析了工程索赔基本原则,为后文提出工程索赔实务问题和解决对策提供理论支持。同时也对工程索赔和工程签证的关系做了详细论证,点明工程签证等索赔证据在工程索赔实施过程中的重要性。第二部分从总承包人向发包人提起工程索赔实务中存在的5个问题入手,分别从实务案例争议焦点的角度来分析每个问题是什么和为什么,说明了本文的研究价值以及我国总承包人目前应加强工程索赔管理的重要性和紧迫性。第三部分因实务中大量总承包人对工程索赔款迟迟拿不到手,又碍于与发包人继续合作的情面一般不会就工程索赔款提起诉讼或仲裁。那么,是否存在其他途径来解决工程索赔问题呢?本文依据实务经验和相关法院判决或仲裁裁定,结合民法、合同法前理论,对工程索赔问题进行深入研究,比如总承包人可用"有约定从约定原则"将工程索赔风险转嫁给各分包商、工程索赔适用于"债权转让",工程索赔享有"优先受偿权"、工程索赔可主张利息等5个对策逐一进行论证。第四部分提出我国总承包人需善用法律思维推进工程索赔的展望。根据前面的分析,文章在这部分从企业、企业管理者以及企业全员层面(尤其是企业法务人员)入手,动员工程总包人全员要有工程索赔意识、全员全程参与工程索赔。期望通过本文的探讨,能够促进总承包人向发包人提起工程索赔实务问题的发展和完善。
[Abstract]:At present, the construction industry of our country ushered in the second peak period, which is the coexistence of opportunity and competition for the general contractor. This paper is not to encourage the vicious competition of "winning the claim for extra low price", but to ensure the quality of the project can be qualified by the general contractor. The legal rights and interests of the general contractor should be safeguarded under the circumstances of good (preferably to achieve an honorary award such as the Luban Award). At present, there is a delicate human relationship between the general contractor and the contractor. The status of the two is seriously unequal, and in most cases, In order to get the project from the contractor, the general contractor's request to the contractor is mostly received in full. At the same time, the general contractor himself does not attach importance to the project claim procedure and the collection of evidence for the project claim. When the claim is difficult, Can the general contractor use the contract law to transfer the risk of claim from the contract law? Can the project claim be applied to "assignment of creditor's rights"? There are many difficult problems such as whether to apply the "priority right to be reimbursed" and whether to claim interest on the project claim. The author combines his own practical experience and relevant cases. This paper discusses the problem of the general contractor filing the project claim against the contractor from a practical point of view. The full text is composed of four parts: the first part is the basic theoretical study of the general contractor filing the project claim against the contractor. The general contractor filed a claim for works with the contractor; Then it analyzes the basic principles of engineering claim, and provides theoretical support for the later article to put forward the practical problems of engineering claim and solve the countermeasures. At the same time, it also makes a detailed demonstration on the relationship between engineering claim and project visa. It points out the importance of the claim evidence such as engineering visa in the process of carrying out the project claim. The second part begins with five problems existing in the practice of bringing forward the project claim from the general contractor to the contractor. From the point of view of the focus of controversy in practical cases, respectively, to analyze what each issue is and why, It explains the research value of this paper and the importance and urgency of strengthening the project claim management by the general contractor in our country at present. The third part is due to the fact that a large number of general contractors in practice have been unable to get the claim money for the project. Due to the continued cooperation with the contractor, there is generally no litigation or arbitration over the project claim. So, is there any other way to solve the project claim problem? Based on the practical experience and relevant court decisions or arbitration decisions, combined with the theory of civil law and contract law, this paper makes an in-depth study on the problem of engineering claims. For example, the general contractor may pass on the risk of claim for the project to the subcontractors by "agreed upon from the agreed principle". The engineering claim is applicable to the transfer of the creditor's rights, the engineering claim enjoys the "preferential right to receive compensation", and the engineering claim can be proved one by one by claiming interest. The fourth part points out that the general contractor of our country should make good use of the legal thinking to advance the project. Outlook for the claim. Based on the previous analysis, In this part, starting with the enterprise, the enterprise manager and the whole staff of the enterprise (especially the legal personnel of the enterprise), the whole staff of the general contractor of the project should have the consciousness of claim for compensation and participate in the claim of the project all the time. It is expected that through the discussion of this article, To promote the development and improvement of the general contractor's practice of filing engineering claims with the contractor.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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