工作环境权法律保护问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 14:54

本文选题：劳动者　切入点：工作环境权　出处：《河北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：工作环境权的形成是人权学、环境科学、政治学等多学科发展交互影响的结果，且国际劳工公约及其他文书的历史演变，揭示了工作环境权的展开路径--从职业安全卫生向工作环境转变，从刚性、精确的规则向灵活、弹性的框架性规定转变。工作环境权是指为了保护劳动者的职业安全、身心健康和人格尊严，避免劳动者因工作环境而受到危害，以“职工参与”为核心的程序性权利。其具有保护对象的多元化、内容的复合性以及性质的程序性三个特点。在我国，劳动者的工作环境权并没有得到有效的保障，工伤事故、职业病以及心理压力过大等现象时有发生，甚至一些劳动者在其合法劳动安全卫生权得不到保障和救济时，以极端方式来维护自己的合法权益，这为我们加强对劳动者工作环境权的保护敲响了警钟。我国虽然制定了《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》、《安全生产法》以及《职业病防治法》等一系列关于劳动者的职业安全卫生的法律，但是，我国的法律依然存在体系分散、立法目的不明确、适用范围不统一、执法主体权责不明、执法地方化等问题。因此，我国的劳动者的工作环境权的立法模式和救济措施等亟待改革和完善。国际劳工组织和世界发达国家早就意识到保护劳动者在工作场所的安全健康等权益的重要性，大多数国家都采用了职业安全卫生综合立法的模式和体例，并在劳动安全卫生权的基础之上发展出工作环境权保护的观念和思想，如瑞典、挪威等国都制定了《工作环境权法》。我国应借鉴外国的先进制度和体系来完善我国的立法以使劳动者的合法权益得到有效地保障。针对我国工作环境权法律保护中存在的一系列问题，，最根本的解决途径是尽快在我国建立起工作环境权法律保护机制。我国应尽快制定一部全面涵盖职业安全和卫生的统一的工作环境法，并制定配套的实施细则，增强法律的可操作性，弥补法律的漏洞。同时，在执法监督方面，我国应改变多头管理的管理模式及职权不明确的监管现状，建立一个全面负责职业安全卫生工作的执法监督机构，并加强行政、媒体及公众对职业安全卫生工作的监督，从而最大限度的改善劳动者的职业安全卫生状况。在司法救济中，应确立举证责任倒置的原则，加大用人单位在职业安全卫生事故中的责任，并完善工会组织协助劳动者维权机制，以最大限度的维护劳动者的合法权益。此外我国应加强对劳动者的职业安全卫生方面的法制宣传教育，提高公民的法律意识和自我维权意识。通过各个层面的努力，我国的工作环境权保护机制将会趋于完善，从而使劳动者的工作环境得到最大限度的改善，使劳动者拥有安全、卫生、舒适的工作环境。
[Abstract]:The formation of the work environment right is human science, environmental science, political science and other multi-disciplinary development results of the interactions, and the evolution of international labor conventions and other instruments of history, reveals the path of the work environment right from the occupation safety and health work environment to change from rigid to flexible, precise rules, transformation framework the provisions of elasticity. The work environment right refers to the protection of workers' occupation safety, physical and mental health and human dignity, avoid the harm due to the working environment of workers, with the participation of staff and workers "as the core of the procedural rights. It has the protection of the diversity of objects, contents and procedures of the composite nature of the three characteristics.
In our country, the working environment right and there is no effective protection, industrial accidents, occupation disease and psychological stress and other phenomena have occurred, even some workers are not in the legal labor safety and health rights protection and relief, in extreme ways to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, which sounded the alarm for us to strengthen the protection of the work environment right. Although our country has formulated the "labor law", "labor contract law", "production safety law > and < > occupation disease prevention law and a series of workers' occupation safety and health law, but the law of our country are still dispersed, legislation the purpose is not clear, the scope is not unified, the main law enforcement responsibilities is unknown, local law enforcement and other issues. Therefore, the legislative mode of our country laborer work environment right and relief measures to reform and perfect.
The importance of the International Labour Organization and the developed countries in the world have long been aware of the protection of workers in the workplace safety and health rights, most countries have adopted the occupation safety and health legislation pattern and style, and on the basis of labor safety and health right development work to protect the environment right ideas and thoughts, such as Sweden, Norway other countries have formulated the "work environment law. China should learn from foreign advanced system and the system to perfect our legislation to make the legitimate rights and interests of workers can be effectively guaranteed.
According to a series of problems of the legal protection of our right to working environment in the most fundamental solution is as soon as possible in our country to establish work environment right legal protection mechanism. Our country should formulate a unified comprehensive coverage of occupation safety and health work environment law as soon as possible, implementing rules and supporting the development of enhanced legal operation, make up the loopholes in the law. At the same time, the law enforcement supervision, supervision of the status quo and change the management authority bull management is not clear in our country, the establishment of a comprehensive law enforcement supervision unit responsible for the occupation safety and health work mechanism, and strengthen the administration, media and public supervision of the occupation safety and health work, occupation safety and health condition so as to maximize the improvement of laborers. In the judicial relief, we should establish the principle of burden of proof, increase the employing units in the occupation health and safety accident responsibility, and complete. Good trade union organizations to assist the safeguarding mechanism of workers, in order to maximize the maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of workers. In addition, China should strengthen legal education occupation safety and health of workers, improve the citizen's legal consciousness and awareness of self protection. Through all levels of effort, will be the right protection mechanism of China's work environment more perfect, so the working environment of workers to get maximum improvement, so that workers have a safe, health, comfortable working environment.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.5

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