劳动权益的地区差异——基于对珠三角和长三角地区外来工的问卷调查

发布时间：2018-03-31 20:44

本文选题：外来工　切入点：劳动权益　出处：《中国社会科学》2011年02期

【摘要】：如何正确处理劳资关系,保护外来工(农民工)权益已成为中国社会面临的重大问题。在外来工劳动权益的现有研究中,地区差异是一个尚未得到应有重视的议题。依据对珠三角和长三角地区外来工大规模问卷调查的分析发现:在31项有关权益保障的重要指标中,珠三角和长三角地区有22项存在显著差异,除工伤保险和带薪休假外,其余20项,长三角均好于珠三角地区,特别表现在工资水平、劳动合同签订率、社会保险购买率和工作环境等方面。在控制人力资本和企业特征之后,两地仍然存在重要的地区差异。引起地区差异的主要原因是:珠三角最低工资标准低于长三角地区;珠三角《劳动合同法》的落实力度不如长三角地区;珠三角企业中本地人所占比例较长三角地区低,人口密度和结构影响了企业管理制度。研究认为,长三角地区企业更多采用"人情型"管理模式,这种管理模式主要不是通过企业所有制性质来体现,而是与本地工人比例密切相关。尝试用"地域—社会—文化"的解释思路,并以地方公民身份等概念观照影响劳动权益地区差异的制度环境,有助于对问题的把握。
[Abstract]:How to correctly handle labor relations and protect the rights and interests of migrant workers has become a major problem in Chinese society. Regional difference is a topic that has not been paid attention to. Based on the analysis of large-scale questionnaire survey of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta, it is found that among the 31 important indicators of the protection of rights and interests, There are significant differences in 22 items between the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta. In addition to industrial injury insurance and paid leave, the other 20 items are better than those in the Pearl River Delta region, especially in terms of wage levels and labor contract signing rates. After controlling human capital and enterprise characteristics, there are still important regional differences between the two places. The main reasons for the differences are: the minimum wage in the Pearl River Delta is lower than that in the Yangtze River Delta; The implementation of the Pearl River Delta Labor contract Law is not as strong as that of the Yangtze River Delta region, the proportion of local people in the Pearl River Delta enterprises is lower than that in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the population density and structure affect the enterprise management system. Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta region more adopt the "human" management model, which is not mainly reflected by the nature of enterprise ownership, but is closely related to the proportion of local workers. It is helpful to grasp the problems by observing the institutional environment affecting the regional differences of labor rights and interests with the concept of local citizenship.
【作者单位】：中山大学社会学与人类学学院;
【基金】：中山大学刘林平为首席专家的教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“农民工权益保护理论与实践研究(09JZD0032)”的成果之一,中山大学第三期“211”经费的支持
【分类号】：F249.2

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