论效率违约理论适用的限制

发布时间：2018-03-31 23:20

本文选题：效率违约　切入点：违约救济　出处：《河北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：效率违约理论是经济分析法学的重要组成部分，将效率违约理论引入合同法已成为一种潮流并有如暴风之势席卷了英美法系国家。效率违约是指合同一方当事人的违约收益超过各方履行合同的全部预期收益或是违约可以避免更大的损失时，违约方可以选择对守约方的预期利益损失进行损害赔偿，从而代替实际履行合同义务。效率违约理论可以划分为转售型效率违约、减损型效率违约及缓和型效率违约。这一理论将经济分析的方法引入到合同法中去，一方面对合同行为进行“成本--收益”分析，用其实证主义分析方法弥补了单纯法律分析的不足，另一方面其追求“效率”，，并以“社会价值最大化”为价值取向，有利于节约有限的社会资源。同时效率违约理论还为解决一般公平正义与个别公平正义提供了一个新思路。但是与赞扬相对，其批评之声也绵延不断。我国近来对这一理论的研究也步上了轨道，批判者们认为无论是从其理论基础的完备性上，还是从司法实践的可适用性上分析，均不能将效率违约理论引入我国，尤其我国属受大陆法系影响深远的成文法国家，效率违约理论与我国实际履行制度、诚实信用原则等现行法律制度、原则及体系明显不相容，这就注定效率违约理论的适用与我国无缘。本文从效率违约的构成要素、理论基础、价值追求等方面进行分析入手，进而对效率违约理论在我国的适用进行可行性分析，论证效率违约理论虽然存在着局限性但并非悖论，在我国是可以适用的。当然，要将其引入我国并非意味着对其要全盘接受，应当结合我国实际，对其“效率”理念、经济分析方法扬弃的继受。同时，由于这一理论生长发育于英美法系，理论根植的土壤与我国法律体系和制度差异甚大，这一理论在我国的司法适用应当采取由点及面的模式，循序渐进，最终由特别适用达到普遍认同。在司法实践中对效率违约的适用从范围、方式及条件上进行严格的限制，以期达到公正与效率天平的平衡，并借此希冀对我国违约救济制度及违约责任体系的完善有所助益。本文共有四部分内容，其中第一章效率违约理论及其价值从效率违约理论的兴起过程、含义、效率违约类型及理论价值上对这一理论进行了概括的介绍。第二章则是对效率违约理论的局限性进行辨析，效率违约理论确实存在不完善的地方，但并非如某些学者而言是悖论。从效率违约的理论基础、价值追求、效率目标入手，通过辨析其局限性以说明这一理论虽有不足但还是可以取其精华而为我们所用的。第三章则将焦点放在效率违约理论在我国的适用上，从合同法的基本理念和发展方向、与我国其他制度的兼容性以及我国合同法目前实际履行除外制度尚有不完善的角度对这一理论于我国的适用进行了可行性分析。第四章也即全文的最后部分，针对效率违约理论的局限性及结合我国现行法律制度的规定，提出效率违约理论虽能适用，但是其在我国的适用需要有严格的限制条件，并对这些条件进行了论述。
[Abstract]:The theory of efficient breach of law is an important part of the economic analysis, the theory of efficient breach of contract into the contract law has become a trend and is like a storm swept the countries of Anglo American law system. The efficient breach is a party to the contract breach of income more than all the expected return parties to fulfill the contract or default can be avoided more the loss, the defaulting party to the other party can choose the expected benefits of loss compensation, so as to fulfill the contract obligations. Instead of the actual efficiency breach theory can be divided into default resale efficiency, derogate type efficient breach and ease efficiency default. This theory the method of economic analysis into the contract law to conduct "analysis the cost and income" of the contract behavior on the one hand, with the fact that the doctrine of analysis can make up for the deficiency of legal analysis, on the other hand, the pursuit of "efficiency", and to" The maximization of social value is the value orientation, which is conducive to saving limited social resources. Meanwhile, the theory of efficiency breach also provides a new idea for solving the general equity and justice and individual equity and justice.
But relatively speaking, the criticism also continuously. Our recent research on this theory is also step on the track, the critics think that whether from the completeness of its theoretical basis, or from the judicial practice of the applicability of analysis could not be the efficient breach theory was introduced into China, especially I China is a civil law country far-reaching continental law system, the actual performance of efficient breach theory and China's current legal system, the principle of honesty and credit, principle and system was incompatible, which doomed no efficient breach in the application of the theory and our country. This paper elements from the efficient breach theory, value pursuit other aspects of analysis, and the theory of efficient breach of contract to conduct a feasibility analysis of its application in China, demonstrates the theory of efficient breach although there are limitations but not the paradox in China can apply.
Of course, to be introduced to our country does not mean to take on it, should be combined with China's reality, the "efficiency" concept, the method of economic analysis of discarding the following. At the same time, due to the growth and development of the theory in Anglo American law system, difference theory and rooted in the soil of our legal system and the system is in this theory should be taken step by step by point and the mode in our country's judicial, especially to ultimately by the general acceptance. Default on the efficiency of the application in judicial practice from the scope, methods and conditions of strict restrictions, in order to achieve the balance of the balance of justice and efficiency, and to hope help to improve China's Remedies for breach of contract and breach of contract responsibility system.
There are four parts in this paper. The first chapter is the theory of efficiency breach, and its value is introduced from the rising process, meaning, efficiency breach type and theoretical value of efficiency breach theory.
The second chapter is the analysis of the limitations of the theory of efficient breach, the efficiency of contract theory is imperfect, but not as some scholars paradox. The pursuit of value from the theory of efficient breach, efficiency goals to start, through the analysis of the limitations of this theory to indicate that although insufficient but still can take the essence for our use.
The third chapter will focus on the efficient breach theory in our country, from the basic concept and direction of development of the contract law, and other system of our country and the compatibility of the contract law of our country at present the actual performance of the exception system is not perfect the perspective of this theory in China carried out a feasibility analysis.
The fourth chapter is the last part of the full text. According to the limitation of the theory of efficiency breach and the provisions of our current legal system, it is put forward that the theory of efficiency breach can be applied, but its application in China needs strict restrictions, and these conditions are also discussed.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

【参考文献】