海上保险中的非法性问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 18:59

本文选题：海上保险 + 非法性问题　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：非法性问题是任何商业交易都要面对的问题,海上保险亦是如此,交易中出现的非法行为不仅损害当事人的合法权利,也会对行业发展和社会利益产生不利影响。诸多先例已经指出,非法性问题在英国法中是一个非常复杂的领域,而且,法院在实践中也创造了无数的规则。需要肯定这些规则对法院后来的判决的指导意义,但是也造成了这一领域法律的不稳定。在海上保险这一特殊的领域,处理非法性问题的方法有其特殊性。英国《1906年海上保险法》第41条,即著名的合法性保证,给被保险人施加了一种极不公平且具有刚性的义务,要求被保险人严格遵守保证,而且无论违反保证是否与风险相关联,保险人都将自动解除责任。但是,从早期判例中可以看出,海上保险法中的非法性规则的内容远比第41条复杂。英国普通法中非法性规则似乎可以解决海上保险法中的僵化问题。本文以英国普通法中的非法性规则和海上保险法中的合法性保证为研究对象,采用比较分析法、历史分析法、体系化方法,探讨海上保险中的合法性保证之规定是否完备,以及与一般合同法非法性规则之间应否协调、能否协调等理论问题,并在分析具体保险制度的基本原理以及考察国外保险相关立法的发展动向基础之上,提出我国立法对海上保险中的非法性问题的完善建议。除引言和结论外,本文分为五章,主要内容如下:第一章对英国普通法中的非法性规则进行初步研究,重点介绍合同法领域中非法性抗辩的起源,分析当前英国法中适用的非法性抗辩规则,并通过判例来说明合同法非法性规则在海上保险案件中的适用。第二章从《1906年海上保险法》第41条规定的合法性保证入手,运用历史分析方法,分析18世纪到1906年之间的诸多判例,探究合法性保证的历史起源与发展历程,阐述第41条的内涵和外延,并讨论第41条是否真实地反映出先例的判决意见。第三章通过比较研究的方法分析了第41条的性质,并从不同角度阐述了普通法非法性规则与海上保险合法性保证之间的区别。在此基础上,对《1906年海上保险法》中合法性保证规定的不足之处展开论述。第四章通过举例考察了英联邦国家对海上保险合法性保证的立法动向,重点分析了英国《2015年保险法》带来的重大变革,阐述新法对海上保险法中的合法性保证产生的影响,新法生效之后该如何处理海上保险中的非法性问题。同时,对于这部法律对合法性保证的未尽事项也展开了初步讨论。第五章介绍了我国法律中对非法性问题的相关规定,分别对一般合同法和保险法律进行探讨,分析了我国对合同违法问题和海上保险保证问题的立法现状。通过与英国相关法律的比较分析,文章建提出应该在考虑当事人的意图并兼顾商业便利的基础上,修改合同违反法律产生的后果;在海上保险领域,废除默示的合法性保证,将其变为合同的明示条款,并且在判断标准中加入因果关系原则,同时,法院在审理案件时也应当考虑普通法规则中涉及的诸多因素。
[Abstract]:The problem of illicit sex is the problem that any commercial transaction must face, as is the case of maritime insurance. The illegal behavior in the transaction not only damages the legitimate rights of the parties, but also has a negative impact on the development of the industry and the social interests. The court has also created numerous rules in practice. It is necessary to affirm the guiding significance of these rules to the court's later judgment, but it also leads to the instability of the law in this field. In this particular field of marine insurance, the method of dealing with the illicit problem has its particularity. The British "maritime insurance act of 1906", forty-first, the famous legality. Sex guarantee gives the insured an extremely unfair and rigid obligation to require the insured to strictly observe the guarantee, and the insurer will automatically remove the liability regardless of whether the guarantee is associated with the risk. However, it can be seen from the early jurisprudence that the content of the illegal rules in the marine insurance law is far more complex than that of the forty-first. The illegal rules in British ordinary law seem to be able to solve the problem of fossilization in the maritime insurance law. This article is based on the illegal rules in the general law of the UK and the validity of the maritime insurance law as the research object, using comparative analysis, historical analysis and systematic methods to discuss the provisions of the legal guarantee in marine insurance. On the basis of the completeness, the coordination between the illegal rules of the general contract law, the coordination and other theoretical issues, and on the basis of the analysis of the basic principles of the specific insurance system and the development trend of the related legislation of foreign insurance, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of the illicit problems in marine insurance in China. The article is divided into five chapters. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter is a preliminary study of the illegal rules in the general law of Britain, focusing on the origin of the illicit defense in the field of contract law, analyzing the illegal rules of defense applicable in the current British law, and explaining the application of the illegal rules of the contract law in the case of maritime insurance through a case. The two chapter, starting with the legal guarantee of the maritime insurance law of <1906 > forty-first provisions, analyzes many cases between eighteenth Century and 1906 by using the historical analysis method, explores the historical origin and development course of the guarantee of legitimacy, expounds the connotation and extension of the forty-first articles, and discusses whether the forty-first articles reflect the verdict of the precedent. Third The chapter analyzes the nature of the forty-first articles through comparative study, and expounds the difference between the illegal rules of common law and the guarantee of the validity of maritime insurance from different angles. On this basis, the paper discusses the shortcomings of the legal guarantee in the maritime insurance law of <1906. The fourth chapter examines the Commonwealth countries by an example. The legislative trend of the assurance of the legality of maritime insurance focuses on the major changes brought about by the British <2015 insurance law and the influence of the new law on the guarantee of the validity of the maritime insurance law. After the new law comes into effect, how to deal with the illicit problems in marine insurance. At the same time, it is not necessary for this law to guarantee the legitimacy of the law. The fifth chapter introduces the relevant provisions of the illegal problems in our country's law, discusses the general contract law and the insurance law respectively, analyzes the legislative status of the problems of the law of contract and the guarantee of maritime insurance in our country. On the basis of human intention and taking into account business convenience, the consequences of the contract violating the law are amended; in the field of marine insurance, the implied legal guarantee is abolished, the implied terms of the contract are changed, and the principle of causality is added to the judgment standard, and the courts should also consider the various rules involved in the common law in the case of the case. Multiple factors.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D951.6;DD912.28

【参考文献】