社区养老服务合同的法律关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 04:22

本文选题：社区养老服务 + 社区照顾式合同　；参考：《天津商业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着老龄化社会的发展，养老服务在整个国民经济、社会生活中的地位日益重要，，围绕其产生的纠纷也逐渐增多，特别是社区养老服务逐渐受到关注，与此相应的是，传统民法或合同法规范是否仍然能够适应社区养老服务这一新的社会活动，便成为现代合同法的重要研究课题之一。社区养老是指老人居住在自己的社区里，在社区生活并得到照顾，又以家庭为核心，以社区作为平台，以老年人的日常生活照顾、医疗护理等为主要内容的养老模式。社区养老服务既弥补了家庭养老的不足，减轻了子女的压力和负担，同时又解决了机构养老中老人缺乏精神慰藉的难题。社区养老服务合同作为服务合同的一种，属于非典型合同，它是指由不同民事主体提供的、给予特定范围的受益人——社区中老人的各种有偿或者无偿的养老服务的合同总称。分析“内容决定说”，“混合合同说”，“委托或准委托说”等学说，得出关于其合同性质的认定应根据合同的主给付义务、主体及当事人的合意等具体要素综合加以判断。根据社区养老服务合同的主体、给付义务的不同，可以分为社区照顾式与政府采购式养老服务合同两种样态。通过典型案例分析认为，当事人不愿诉诸法律途径解决的原因主要在于担心自己的弱势地位、诉讼成本过高以及服务瑕疵判断困难。社区照顾式与政府采购式养老服务这两种样态的合同具体内容差异较大，因此合同的性质以及构成合同法律关系的各个民事主体的权利、义务以及责任等内容也各不相同。本文认为社区照顾式养老服务合同属于承揽合同的范畴；作为服务提供方的社区居委会或养老服务中心具有非法人组织的民事主体地位；老年人无论是否具有完全的民事行为能力都不影响其成为合同的主体，认为判断社区养老服务合同的瑕疵标准是通过对比居委会或社区服务中心所负的服务义务与实际提供的服务差异。同时，本文认为政府采购式养老服务合同是具有行政法特点的民事合同性质，分析了其政府采购养老服务合同属于委托合同的范畴和第三人利益合同的性质，从政府的特殊民事主体地位、提供养老服务的民间组织的资质以及判断老年人作为养老服务接受方的标准三个方面阐述政府采购养老服务合同的主体，并论述其权利、义务以及民间组织和政府的合同责任。
[Abstract]:With the development of aging society, old-age service is becoming more and more important in the whole national economy and social life. Whether the traditional civil law or contract law can still adapt to the new social activities of community pension service has become one of the important research topics of modern contract law. Community old-age support refers to the old people living in their own community, living in the community and being taken care of, taking the family as the core, taking the community as the platform, taking the elderly's daily life care, medical care and other as the main content of the old-age pension model. Community pension service not only makes up for the shortage of family pension, lightens the pressure and burden of children, but also solves the problem that the elderly lack spiritual comfort in institutional old-age care. As a kind of service contract, community old-age service contract is a kind of atypical contract, which refers to the contract which is provided by different civil subjects and given to a specific range of beneficiaries-various kinds of paid or unpaid old-age service in the community. By analyzing the theories of "content decision theory", "mixed contract theory" and "entrustment or quasi-entrustment theory", it is concluded that the determination of the nature of the contract should be judged synthetically according to the principal payment obligation of the contract, the agreement of the subject and the parties. According to the main body of the community pension service contract, the difference of the obligation to pay can be divided into two types: community care contract and government procurement pension service contract. Through the analysis of typical cases, it is concluded that the main reasons why the parties are unwilling to resort to legal means are their own weak position, too high litigation costs and difficulties in judging service defects. There is a great difference between community care and government procurement in the specific contents of the contract, so the nature of the contract and the rights, obligations and responsibilities of each civil subject forming the legal relationship of the contract are also different. This paper holds that the community care service contract belongs to the contract of contract for the aged, the community neighborhood committee or the old-age service center as the provider of the service has the status of the civil subject of the non-legal person organization. Whether or not the elderly have full civil capacity does not affect their becoming the subject of the contract. It is considered that the defect standard of community pension service contract is the difference between the service obligation of neighborhood committee or community service center and the service provided. At the same time, this paper holds that the government procurement contract for the aged is a civil contract with the characteristics of administrative law, and analyzes that the contract of government procurement for the aged service belongs to the category of entrustment contract and the nature of the third party's interest contract. From three aspects: the special civil subject status of the government, the qualification of the non-governmental organizations providing old-age care services and the criteria for judging the elderly as recipients of old-age care services, this paper expounds the subject of government procurement of pension service contracts, and discusses their rights. Obligations and contractual responsibilities of civil organizations and governments.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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