合同法之可预见性规则研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:12

本文选题：可预见性规则 + 相当因果关系　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要研究合同法中的可预见性规则。可预见性规则最早出现在法国法中，随后在英美法中得到发展，在国际条约中得到完善。其定义是指合同一方当事人因违约给对方造成损失时，仅就其订立合同时已经预见或应该预见到的损失承担责任。可预见性规则的出现使完全赔偿原则得到了限制，避免了对可得利益的过大解释，从而平衡了合同双方的利益关系。本文的写作主要分为以下四部分：第一部分首先回顾了可预见性规则的历史发展，梳理出了可预见性规则的发展脉络，明确了各国关于“可预见性理论”的一些相同点和不同点，为文章后面的论述做了铺垫。其次，对可预见性规则的基本理论进行了分析，在对理论界的各家观点进行叙述的基础上，提出了自己的看法，使大家能对可预见性规则的基本理论有一个更全面的认识。第二部分是将可预见性规则与相关概念进行的比较分析。大多数国家都是先规定了完全赔偿原则，随后才出现可预见性理论，那么完全赔偿原则与可预见性理论的关系到底如何呢？还有法国法中规定了可预见性规则，而德国法中却没有，取而代之的是相当因果关系说，可预见性规则与因果关系之间的关系如何？是否可以相互替换？这都是我们在研究可预见性规则过程中需要搞清楚的。通过将可预见性规则与完全赔偿原则、过错、因果关系理论的比较，辨析其中的异同，能使我们对可预见性规则有个全面的认识。第三部分是关于可预见性规则适用的分析。作为一种法律规则，在实践中的应用才能发挥其价值。违约损害经常发生，但可预见性规则却不是一概的适用，因为可预见性规则有其适用的条件，只有条件满足才可能适用可预见性规则。同时，可预见性规则还有其适用的例外，在符合例外情况时即排除可预见性规则的适用。这种条件和例外将可预见性规则限制在一定的适用范围之内。第四部分是关于我国可预见性规则的完善建议。通过上述三个部分的分析我们发现，，我国可预见性规则的规定过于简单，理论研究不够充分，以至于实践中应用也较为局限，笔者希望通过本部分的论述，能促进可预见性规则在我国的发展和完善，从而为可预见性规则在我国的适用打下理论基础。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the rule of predictability in contract law. The rule of predictability first appeared in French law, then developed in Anglo-American law and perfected in international treaties. Its definition means that when a party to a contract causes damage to the other party due to breach of contract, he is only responsible for the loss that has been foreseen or should have been foreseen at the time of conclusion of the contract. The rule of predictability limits the principle of complete compensation, avoids the excessive interpretation of the available interests, and balances the interests of both parties. The writing of this paper is divided into the following four parts: The first part reviews the historical development of the predictability rule, combs out the developing context of the predictability rule, clarifies some similarities and differences of the "predictability theory" in various countries, and paves the way for the discussion at the end of the article. Secondly, the basic theory of predictability rule is analyzed, and on the basis of the narration of various viewpoints in the theoretical circle, the author puts forward his own views, so that everyone can have a more comprehensive understanding of the basic theory of predictability rule. The second part is a comparative analysis of predictability rules and related concepts. Most countries first stipulate the principle of full compensation, then there is the theory of predictability. What is the relationship between the principle of full compensation and the theory of predictability? Then there is the rule of predictability in French law, but not in German law, which is replaced by the theory of considerable causality. What is the relationship between the rule of predictability and causality? Is it possible to replace each other? This is what we need to figure out in the process of studying the rules of predictability. By comparing the rules of predictability with the principle of complete compensation, fault and causality, we can have a comprehensive understanding of the rule of predictability. The third part is the analysis of the application of predictability rules. As a kind of legal rule, the application in practice can bring its value into play. Damage to breach of contract often occurs, but the rule of predictability is not always applicable, because the rule of predictability has its applicable conditions, and only if the conditions are satisfied can the rule of predictability be applied. At the same time, the rule of predictability has its applicable exception, and the rule of predictability is excluded when it meets the exception. Such conditions and exceptions limit the rule of predictability to a certain extent. The fourth part is about our country predictability rule consummation suggestion. Through the analysis of the above three parts, we find that the rules of predictability in our country are too simple, the theoretical research is not enough, even the application in practice is relatively limited. It can promote the development and perfection of the rules of predictability in China, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the application of the rules of predictability in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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