破产法未履行完毕合同选择权限制研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 16:10

本文选题：未履行完毕合同 + 选择权限制　；参考：《华东政法大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：合同是交易的主要形式，而破产程序中大量合同都存在“未履行完毕”的状态。这类合同对于破产方而言，既是潜在的债务，又是潜在的债权；其对待履行不仅涉及合同相对方，还包括破产程序中的全体债权人，，因此未履行完毕合同的处理是否恰当，与债权人与债务人的切身利益紧密相关。《破产法》第18条规定了未履行完毕合同的处理规则，通过破产管理人行使选择权对合同进行处理。管理人只有依法行使选择权才能既实现破产财产的增值保值，又平衡各方利益，从而提高企业破产后退出市场的效率，最终实现社会、经济平稳发展。但法律条文毕竟是简略的，未履行完毕合同选择权又建立在牺牲守约方利益的基础上，因此权利的行使不得不受到相应的制约。本文从管理人行使选择权的视角出发对未履行完毕合同制度进行研究，综合运用了历史分析法、比较研究法、举例说明法、案例分析法等研究方法，通过对破产管理人行使选择权时所受的限制进行研究，以期能对未履行完毕合同制度有一系统的认识。本文由引言、正文、结语三个部分构成。引言部分的目的在于介绍未履行完毕合同选择权的研究意义，文献综述以及本文的研究方法和基本思路。正文部分为文章的重点，共分为3个部分。第一章，未履行完毕合同合同界定，包括对使用“未履行完毕合同”的斟酌、未履行完毕合同的界定标准以及未履行完毕合同选择权概述。本章首先比较“待履行合同”与“未履行完毕合同”明确了研究的对象。其次，以美国破产法为基础研究未履行完毕合同的界定标准，从而对我国未履行完毕合同的定义作出评价。最后通过对选择权行使方式的分析,对未履行完毕合同选择权的性质及其属性进行解读。第二章，行使未履行完毕合同选择权的限制。本章主要从立法出发，指出破产法对合同法造成的冲突所在。同时，对比美国的未履行完毕合同制度，对选择权行使中要受到的各种限制进行分析，并对其进行补充。第三章，未履行完毕合同选择权的内容限制。本章具体阐述选择受限的各种未履行完毕合同。结合我国的破产实践，分类讨论破产管理人行使选择权时可能会受到的限制。同时借鉴美国的破产法实践，突出对一些较为重要又还未受到我国重视的合同进行限制的重要性。结语部分对文章作出了总结，对未履行完毕合同的概念进行概括、点明如何确定合同是否享有未履行完毕合同选择权，并对文章所未涉及之处进行概括，以期对未履行完毕合同制度的发展有所贡献
[Abstract]:Contract is the main form of transaction, and a large number of contracts in bankruptcy proceedings are in the state of "unfulfilled". Such a contract is both a potential debt and a potential claim for the insolvent party; its treatment of performance involves not only the counterparty to the contract, but also all creditors in the insolvency proceedings, and thus the treatment of the failure to complete the performance of the contract is appropriate, It is closely related to the vital interests of creditors and debtors. Article 18 of the bankruptcy Law provides the rules for dealing with the failure to complete the contract and deals with the contract through the exercise of the right of option by the insolvency representative. Only by exercising the right of choice according to law can the administrator not only realize the increment and preservation of the bankruptcy property, but also balance the interests of all parties, thus improve the efficiency of withdrawing from the market after the enterprise goes bankrupt, and finally realize the steady development of society and economy. However, the legal provisions are simple after all, and the right of option is based on sacrificing the interests of the parties to the contract, so the exercise of the right has to be restricted accordingly. From the perspective of the manager's exercise of the right of option, this paper studies the system of incomplete contract, and makes comprehensive use of historical analysis method, comparative research method, illustrative method, case analysis method, and so on. Through the study on the limitation of the insolvency administrator to exercise the right of option, the author hopes to have a systematic understanding of the incomplete contract system. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The purpose of the introduction is to introduce the significance of the study on the option of incomplete contract, the literature review, and the research methods and basic ideas of this paper. The text is the focus of the article, which is divided into three parts. The first chapter is about the definition of incomplete contract, including the discretion to use "unfinished contract", the definition standard of unfinished contract and an overview of the option of unfulfilled contract. In this chapter, the object of study is defined by comparing "pending contract" and "unfinished contract". Secondly, on the basis of American bankruptcy law, the definition standard of incomplete contract is studied, and the definition of unfulfilled contract in our country is evaluated. Finally, through the analysis of the way of exercise of option, the nature and attribute of the option of unfulfilled contract are interpreted. The second chapter, the exercise of the right of option to complete the performance of the restrictions. This chapter mainly points out the conflict between bankruptcy law and contract law. At the same time, contrasting the unfulfilled contract system in the United States, we analyze and supplement the various restrictions on the exercise of the right of option. Chapter three, the content limitation of the option of the contract that has not been fulfilled. This chapter specifically describes the limited choice of various outstanding contracts. Combined with the bankruptcy practice in China, this paper discusses the possible restrictions on the bankruptcy administrator's exercise of the right of option. At the same time, draw lessons from the practice of American bankruptcy law, highlight the importance of restricting some more important contracts that have not been attached importance to by our country. The conclusion part summarizes the concept of the unfinished contract, points out how to determine whether the contract has the option to complete the contract, and summarizes what is not involved in the article. With a view to contributing to the development of the unfinished contract system
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.291.92

【参考文献】