瑕疵股权转让的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 00:39

本文选题：瑕疵股权 + 股权转让　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：瑕疵股权转让纠纷的焦点一般是股权何时在当事人之间实际变动、受让人是否可以行使撤销权以及如何行使撤销权和瑕疵股权转让后的民事责任如何分配等。我国《公司法》对此并没有作出明确规定,虽然于2011年施行的《最高人民法院关于适用(中华人民共和国公司法若干问题的规定(三)》(以下简称《公司法司法解释三》)对此有专门涉及,并对瑕疵股权转让后责任的承担作出了明确规定,然而其对与瑕疵股权转让的相关重要问题,如公司章程和股东会决议是否可以限制瑕疵股权转让、限制的效力是否及于受让人；瑕疵股权转让后的股权何时变动；瑕疵股权受让人是否可以行使撤销权及如何行使撤销权以及瑕疵股权转让后民事责任的具体承担等,还没有作出明确规定。因此,现行规定对彻底解决瑕疵股权转让的相关问题还远远不够,这就可能导致以后的司法实践中,对同一类案件作出不同甚至截然相反的判决,影响司法的统一和权威。本文除引言和结束语外,共分四个部分,其主要内容如下：第一部分瑕疵股权可转让性分析。首先将目前学术界对瑕疵股权是否可以转让的学说争议予以梳理。其次,对上述学说争议作了简单评析,并在结合世界主要发达国家对瑕疵股权转让的立法例的基础上,笔者赞同“瑕疵股权限制转让说”,认为根据权利与义务相一致原则,在承认瑕疵股权可以转让的基础上,股东会决议或者公司章程可以对其进行一定的限制。第二部分瑕疵股权转让的效力。首先论述了公司章程和股东会决议对瑕疵股权转让作出的相应限制,并探讨了除权程序的适用。其次认为受让人并不负有严格的审查义务,应以“区分对待说”来具体判定股权转让合同的效力；对股权实际变动,笔者认为应以公司内部变更登记为准。第三部分瑕疵股权受让人行使撤销权的条件。首先对善意受让人行使撤销权的条件应当根据瑕疵股权的瑕疵程度来具体情况具体分析,同时还要结合受让人受让股权的行为受到出资瑕疵的影响程度来判断。其次认为有必要将瑕疵股权转让的生效时间作为受让股东行使撤销权除斥期间的起算点,并将除斥期间缩短为六个月,甚至是更短的三个月。第四部分瑕疵股权转让后的民事责任的承担。笔者认为应区分不同的权利主体来具体分析：对公司的民事责任应由转让人和受让人承担连带责任,责任的范围包括补缴出资责任和损害赔偿责任,且补缴出资责任不受诉讼时效的限制。对公司债权人的民事责任由转让双方承担连带责任,责任的范围以股东瑕疵出资的本金和同期银行贷款利息为限。责任承担的方式可以借鉴我国公司催告程序和按比例受偿的方式来处理。对足额出资股东的民事责任为违约责任,应由转让人独自承担,违约责任的范围由公司章程或者合同约定,没有约定的按照合同法的相关规定处理。
[Abstract]:The focus of the dispute on the transfer of defective shares is usually when the equity is changed between the parties, whether the assignee can exercise the right of revocation, how to exercise the right of revocation and how to distribute the civil liability after the transfer of the defective shares. The provisions on the application (three) of the People's Republic of China Company Law (hereinafter referred to as the three > the legal interpretation of the company law) are specifically involved, and the responsibility for the transfer of the defective shares is clearly defined. However, the relevant issues relating to the transfer of defective shares, such as the limitation of the company's constitution and the resolution of the shareholders' meeting, may be limited. The effect of the transfer of defective shares, whether the validity of the restriction is passed to the assignee, the change of the stock right after the transfer of the defective shares, and whether the transferee of the defective shares can exercise the right of revocation, how to exercise the right of revocation and the concrete burden of the civil liability after the transfer of the defective stock right, and so on. The problems related to the transfer of defective shares are far from enough. This may lead to a different or even contrary judgment on the same kind of cases in the judicial practice in the future, which affects the unity and authority of the judiciary.
In addition to the preface and the concluding remark, this article is divided into four parts. The main contents are as follows:
The first part is the analysis of the transferability of defective shares. First, the academic debate on whether the defective shares can be transferable. Secondly, a brief analysis of the above theory is made, and on the basis of the legislation of the transfer of defective shares in the major developed countries of the world, the author agrees with the theory of "the transfer of defective shares" According to the principle of agreement between rights and obligations, the shareholder meeting resolution or the company's articles of association can be restricted to a certain extent on the basis of the recognition of the transferable transfer of defective shares.
The second part is the validity of the transfer of defective shares. First, it discusses the corresponding restrictions on the transfer of defective shares by the company's articles of association and the resolution of the shareholders' meeting, and discusses the application of the procedure of removing the right. Secondly, it is considered that the Assignee does not have a strict obligation to examine it. In actual change, the author thinks that the change of company registration shall prevail.
The third part is the condition of the revocation right of the blemish equity holder. First, the conditions for the exercise of the right of revocation to the bona fide assignee should be analyzed concretely according to the defect degree of the defective shares. At the same time, the behavior of the assignee should be judged by the influence range of the defective capital. Secondly, it is necessary to make the defective stock. The effective time of transfer of right is the starting point of the period when the transferee exercised the right of revocation, and it will be shortened to six months or even three months.
The fourth part of the civil liability after the defective equity transfer. The author thinks that the different rights subject should be divided into specific analysis: the civil liability of the company should be jointly and severally liable for the transferor and the assignee, and the scope of the liability includes the payment of contribution liability and the liability for damages, and the liability for contribution is not limited by the limitation of the limitation of action. The civil liability of the creditors of a company is jointly and severally liable by the transferee. The scope of the liability is limited to the principal of the shareholders' defects and the interest of the bank loans at the same time. The way to undertake the responsibility can be dealt with by the procedures of our company and the method of proportionate compensation. The liability for the civil liability of the full shareholders shall be the liability for breach of contract. The scope of liability for breach of contract shall be handled by the transferor solely in accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract law.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【引证文献】