建设工程违法分包的界定及其法律后果

发布时间：2018-07-09 20:07

本文选题：违法分包 + 合同无效　；参考：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据建设工程的流程设计，建设工程分为发包、承包和分包三大部分；对于分包的法律性质认定，学界主要有第三人代为履行、债务代替履行、并存的债务转移这三种观点，其中并存的债务转移这一观点能够较为准确地说明分包的法律性质。根据现有法律规定、司法解释和判例，违法分包的界定标准包括以下几个方面：（1）行为主体是否符合相应的资质条件或作出了真实的认可的意思表示；（2）行为对象即建设工程是否具有可分包性；（3）分包是否具备一定的要件，如分包合同是否采用备案等；（4）行为主体的行为方式是否符合法律规定，即应当招标分包的是否招标等。在此基础上进一步细化违法分包的类型，包括分包人不具备相应资质或资质较低承揽工程、将建设工程主体结构或关键性工程等不适合分包的工程分包的、分包合同未备案的、发包人肢解发包、分包人再次分包等。现有法律明确规定了禁止违法分包的法律目的，即保护各方当事人合法权益、保证工程质量、维护建设工程市场秩序等。结合信息不对称、外部性理论、科斯定理的成本——收益法以及法的效率和公平价值理论对禁止违法分包目的的正当性考量，认为从多元视角均可论证禁止违法分包的立法目的是正当且合理的。最后，，违法分包的法律后果，包括行政法律后果和民事法律后果。行政法律后果包括责令停业整顿、降低资质甚至吊销资质证书，没收违法所得，罚款等，其中不同立法规定对于罚款标准和数额规定不一致。民事法律后果主要包括违法分包合同效力及无效后果的处理，违法分包合同无效，应按照《合同法》第58条规定处理，违法分包责任人仍应负责建设工程质量保修，且人民法院可收缴违法分包当事人已经取得的非法所得。无效合同损失责任范围的界定可通过确认损失费用与建设工程的关联性和独立性来进行判断；根据工程是否竣工合格，对于无效合同的工程价款结算采取不同方式。实际施工人可以违法分包人或发包人为被告，但发包人仅在欠付工程价款范围内承担责任；对外从事商事活动时，应根据表见代理的规定且结合工程实际情况严格认定；在工程竣工合格后，仍享有建设工程价款优先权；
[Abstract]:According to the process design of the construction project, the construction project is divided into three parts: contracting, contracting and subcontracting. As to the legal nature of subcontracting, there are mainly three viewpoints in academic circles: the third party performs on behalf, the debt replaces the performance, and the debt transfers coexist. The view of debt transfer can explain the legal nature of subcontracting more accurately. According to the existing legal provisions, judicial interpretation and jurisprudence, the definition of illegal subcontracting includes the following aspects: (1) whether the subject of the act conforms to the corresponding qualification conditions or makes a true acceptance of the intention; (2) whether the object of conduct is subcontracting; (3) whether the subcontracting has certain requirements, such as whether the subcontract is recorded or not; (4) whether the behavior of the subject is in accordance with the provisions of the law, Namely should invite bids subcontract whether to invite bids and so on. On this basis, the types of illegal subcontracting are further refined, including the subcontractors who do not possess the corresponding qualifications or have lower qualifications for contracting projects, subcontracts that subcontract works that are not suitable for subcontracting, such as the main structure of the construction project or key projects, if the subcontracting contract has not been put on record, The contractor dismembered the contract, and the subcontractor subcontracted again. The existing law clearly stipulates the legal purpose of prohibiting illegal subcontracting, that is, to protect the legal rights and interests of all parties, to ensure the quality of the project, to maintain the order of the construction project market, and so on. Considering the information asymmetry, externality theory, Coase Theorem's cost-benefit method, and the validity of the efficiency and fair value theory of law to prohibit illegal subcontracting, It is considered that the legislative purpose of prohibiting illegal subcontracting is justified and reasonable from multiple perspectives. Finally, the legal consequences of illegal subcontracting, including administrative legal consequences and civil legal consequences. The administrative legal consequences include ordering the suspension of business for rectification, lowering the qualification or even revoking the qualification certificate, confiscating illegal income, fines and so on, among which different legislative provisions do not accord with the standard and amount of the fine. The civil legal consequences mainly include the validity of illegal subcontract and the treatment of invalid consequence. If the illegal subcontract is invalid, it shall be dealt with in accordance with Article 58 of the contract Law, and the person responsible for illegal subcontracting shall still be responsible for the quality warranty of the construction project. And the people's court may confiscate the illegal gains already obtained by the illegal subparties. The definition of the scope of loss liability of invalid contract can be judged by confirming the relevance and independence between the loss cost and the construction project, and according to whether the project is completed or not, different ways are adopted to settle the project price of the invalid contract. The actual constructor may be the defendant of the illegal subcontractor or the contractor, but the contractor shall only bear the responsibility within the scope of the outstanding payment of the project price; when engaging in foreign commercial activities, it shall be strictly determined in accordance with the provisions of the apparent agency and in the light of the actual conditions of the project; After the completion of the project, it shall still enjoy the priority of the construction project price;
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.297

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