论合同解除之损害赔偿

发布时间：2018-08-20 17:40

【摘要】：合同解除是合同法领域的一个重要问题。合同解除是指合同有效成立后，当具备合同解除条件时，因当事人一方或双方的意思表示而使合同关系自始消灭或向将来消灭的一种制度。损害赔偿是一项救济制度，损害赔偿之债被认为是民事责任中最重要的责任形式。我国立法承认合同解除和损害赔偿是可以并存的。但是对于损害赔偿的性质、范围和标准，都没有明确规定，到底是赔偿信赖利益损失还是赔偿履行利益损失？没有统一的规定，所以在实践中常常会造成“同案不同判”的不公平现象，有损法律的权威性，降低人民对法律的信服。本文除引言和后记外，共分为五个部分，分别为第一部分合同解除与损害赔偿，第二部分合同解除损害赔偿与合同解除的溯及力，第三部分为合同解除损害赔偿的范围研究，第四部分为合同解除类型化研究，第五部分为完善我国合同解除损害赔偿制度的建议。文章第一部分在首先讨论了合同解除与损害赔偿关系，在得出合同解除与损害赔偿并存的基础上，讨论了合同解除损害赔偿的性质以及合同解除损害赔偿与违约损害赔偿的不同，最终认为合同解除损害赔偿的性质为违约损害赔偿和侵权损害赔偿的结合说，所以合同解除损害赔偿的范围是在违约损害赔偿之外，还应当包括因合同解除而发生的损害赔偿和固有利益的损害赔偿。文章第二部分介绍了合同解除损害赔偿与合同解除的溯及力的关系，合同解除损害赔偿的范围和标准还在很大程度上取决于合同解除是否有溯及力，合同解除有无溯及力对于合同解除的法律后果不同。而根据《合同法》九十七条规定，根据履行情况和合同性质，当事人可以要求恢复原状、采取其他补救措施，并有权要求赔偿损失。对合同解除是否有溯及力要分情况对待，根据履行情况和合同性质，这就使我国立法对合同解除后损害赔偿的定性变得更难了。本文通过打破传统民法认为合同解除的标的是有效合同本身，重新建构了合同解除的标的，认为合同解除的标的是合同的原始性权利义务，而救济性权利义务和合同本身并没有随解除合同而消灭，从而解决了合同解除与债务不履行损害赔偿并存的逻辑矛盾；也解决了德国原民法典赞成的选择主义不能更好的平衡当事人间的利益的问题。文章第三部分在前两部分的基础上，讨论了合同解除损害赔偿的范围，具体介绍了违约损害赔偿与违约损害赔偿以外的赔偿是什么，为文章第四部分对合同解除损害赔偿范围进行类型化研究奠定基础。文章第四部分是本文的创新部分，对合同解除损害赔偿范围进行了类型化研究。根据不同原因解除合同来确定损害赔偿的范围，，因为不同原因解除合同损害赔偿的范围不同，而不能不分情况的认为是信赖利益损害赔偿或者债务不履行损害赔偿，所以应考虑解除的不同原因，做个别化处理。文章最后一部分提出完善我国合同解除损害赔偿制度的建议，完善我国《合同法》九十七条关于合同解除溯及力规定，在重构合同解除标的基础上，得到合同解除是有溯及力的结论；再把我国合同解除损害赔偿的性质规定为违约损害赔偿和侵权损害赔偿；最后再具体规定不同原因解除合同损害赔偿的范围，试图解决实务中“同案不同判”的问题，更好的保护守约方的利益，维护法律的权威。
[Abstract]:Rescission of contract is an important issue in the field of contract law. Rescission of contract refers to a system in which the contractual relationship is extinguished from the beginning or to the future due to the intention of one or both parties when the conditions for rescission of contract are met after the contract has been effectively established. Compensation for damages is a relief system and the debt of compensation for damages is regarded as civil. The most important form of liability. Our country's legislation recognizes that contract rescission and compensation for damages can coexist. However, the nature, scope and standard of compensation for damages are not clearly defined, whether it is to compensate for the loss of trust interests or to compensate for the loss of performance interests? There is no uniform stipulation, so in practice, it often causes "the same case". The injustice of different judgments damages the authority of the law and reduces the conviction of the people to the law.
In addition to the introduction and postscript, this paper is divided into five parts, namely, the first part of the contract termination and compensation for damages, the second part of the contract termination compensation for damages and the retroactive effect of the contract termination, the third part of the contract termination damages for the scope of the study, the fourth part of the contract termination typology, the fifth part of the improvement of our contract resolution. In addition to the damage compensation system recommendations.
The first part of the article discusses the relationship between contract rescission and compensation for damages. On the basis of concurrence of contract rescission and compensation for damages, it discusses the nature of compensation for damages for contract rescission and the difference between compensation for damages for breach of contract and compensation for damages for breach of contract. Finally, it considers that the nature of compensation for damages for contract rescission is compensation for damages for breach of contract and According to the combination of tort damages, the scope of contract rescission damages is not only the damages for breach of contract, but also the damages for damages arising from the rescission of contract and the damages for inherent interests.
The second part of the article introduces the relationship between the contract rescission damages and the retroactivity of the contract rescission. The scope and standard of the contract rescission damages still largely depend on the retroactivity of the contract rescission. According to the performance and the nature of the contract, the parties can claim restitution, take other remedial measures, and have the right to claim compensation for the loss. Breaking the traditional civil law holds that the subject of contract rescission is the valid contract itself, reconstructing the subject of contract rescission, holding that the subject of contract rescission is the original rights and obligations of the contract, while the remedial rights and obligations and the contract itself are not extinguished with the rescission of the contract, thus resolving the coexistence of contract rescission and non-performance of indemnity for damages. It also solved the problem that the choice doctrine in German civil code could not balance the interests of the parties better.
On the basis of the first two parts, the third part of the article discusses the scope of compensation for contract rescission damages, specifically introduces what is compensation for breach of contract damages and other damages for breach of contract damages, laying the foundation for the fourth part of the article to study the scope of compensation for contract rescission damages.
The fourth part is the innovative part of this paper, which makes a typological study on the scope of compensation for contract rescission damages. According to the rescission of contract for different reasons, the scope of compensation for damages is determined. Because the scope of compensation for contract rescission damages is different for different reasons, it can not be regarded as the compensation for damages of reliance interests or non-performance of debts regardless of the circumstances. Compensation for damages should be considered for different reasons and individualized.
The last part of the article puts forward some suggestions on perfecting the system of compensation for contract rescission damages in our country, perfecting the provisions on the retroactivity of contract rescission in Article 97 of the Contract Law of our country, and drawing a conclusion that the rescission of contract is retroactivity on the basis of reconstructing the object of contract rescission, and then stipulating the nature of compensation for contract rescission damages as compensation for breach of contract. Finally, it specifies the scope of compensation for contract damages terminated for different reasons, and tries to solve the problem of "different judgments in the same case" in practice, so as to better protect the interests of the defending party and safeguard the authority of the law.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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