论合同的默示条款

发布时间：2018-12-15 15:51

【摘要】：合同默示条款是对合同不完全性的补充与完善。在商品经济活动日益丰富复杂的发展背景下,明确规定的合同条款难以充分的规制合同双方主体的权利与义务关系。为了能有一种更加公平正义的方式来界定交易主体的权利义务关系,合同默示条款便适时的产生和发展。在英美法体系下,古典的契约法奉行的是合同自由和意思自治原则。随着社会和经济的发展,合同适用的领域越来越广泛,在这样的背景下,需要更公平正义的制度来解决各种日新月异的纠纷,合同默示条款由此而产生。英美法上对合同默示条款有着明确的解释,结合我国学理上学者的解释,合同默示条款是为了解决当事人的纠纷,根据一定的规则,在合同履行过程中,推定合同交易主体没有写入合同的潜在意思所形成的合同条款。从不同的角度,合同默示条款可以分为不同的类型,法定默示条款、事实上的默示条款和习惯上的默示条款,这三类是英美法上典型的类别；而我国对合同默示条款的分类标准不统一,类型多而乱。要将合同默示条款的精神更好的贯彻到我国合同法制度中,最先要做的是对合同默示条款做出适合我国现状的分类。对合同默示条款进行研究,其目的是为了运用合同默示条款解决合同纠纷,那么需要确定添加合同默示条款的规则。英美法中两大经典规则就是“商业效益规则”和“多事旁观者规则”,同时,法律经济学上的默认规则从也从经济效益和公平正义两方面来论证了引入合同该条款需要满足的条件。在我国的合同法领域中,法律裁定者在解决合同纠纷时,而对合同的不完全性,运用的是法律推定理论和合同解释来确定合同双方的权利义务。合同默示条款与这两种制度本质上是不同的,这便有明确合同默示条款类型、探究添加默示条款的规则的必要。我国合同法体系中不乏对合同默示条款实质上的应用,借鉴合同法默示条款在理论上和实践中都能使合同制度更加的完善。
[Abstract]:Contract implied clause is the complement and perfection of contract incompleteness. In the context of the increasingly rich and complex commodity economic activities, it is difficult to regulate the relationship between the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. In order to have a more fair and just way to define the relationship between the rights and obligations of the transaction subject, the contract implied clause timely emerged and developed. In Anglo-American law system, the classical contract law adheres to the principles of freedom of contract and autonomy of will. With the development of society and economy, the field of contract application is more and more extensive. Under this background, more fair and just system is needed to solve all kinds of disputes with each passing day, and contract implied clauses come into being. There is a clear interpretation of contract implied clauses in Anglo-American law. Combined with the explanations of scholars in our country, contract implied clauses are intended to resolve disputes between the parties. According to certain rules, in the process of contract performance, The contract clause formed by the presumption that the subject of the contract transaction is not written into the underlying meaning of the contract. From different angles, contract implied clauses can be divided into different types, statutory implied clauses, de facto implied clauses and customary implied clauses, which are typical categories of Anglo-American law; But our country to contract implied clause classification standard is not unified, the type is many but disorderly. In order to better carry out the spirit of contract implied clause in the contract law system of our country, the first thing to do is to classify the contract implied clause in accordance with the present situation of our country. The purpose of the study of contract implied clause is to use contract implied clause to solve contract dispute, so it is necessary to determine the rule of adding contract implied clause. The two classic rules in Anglo-American law are the "rules of commercial efficiency" and the "rules of bystander". At the same time, The default rules in law and economics also demonstrate the conditions to be satisfied by introducing the contract from the aspects of economic efficiency and fairness and justice. In the field of contract law in our country, when the legal adjudicator solves the contract dispute, the incomplete nature of the contract is determined by the theory of presumption of law and the interpretation of the contract to determine the rights and obligations of both parties to the contract. Contract implied clause is different from these two systems in essence, so it is necessary to make clear the type of contract implied clause and explore the rule of adding implied clause. There is no shortage of the application of contract implied clause in the contract law system of our country. Drawing lessons from contract law implied clause can make the contract system more perfect in theory and practice.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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