论债权人代位权行使效力归属

发布时间：2019-02-14 10:40

【摘要】：代位权行使后的效力归属问题是研究代位权制度的关键，也是司法实践必须要面对和解决的问题。关于代位权行使效力归属的争议集中在“优先受偿规则”与“入库规则”的采用问题上。1999年《中国人民共和国合同法》（以下简称《合同法》）第七十三条第一次明确规定了代位权制度，我国代位权制度正式建立。但是《合同法》对代位权行使的效力归属并没有作出明确的规定，后在《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国合同法若干问题的解释（一）》（以下简称《合同法解释（一）》）中采用了“优先受偿规则”，这一举动引起了广泛的争论。部分学者认为“优先受偿规则”能够有效解决当时突出的“三角债”问题，并能激励债权人行使代位权的积极性。但是多数学者还是对此表示担忧，因为“优先受偿规则”使我国代位权制度脱离债的保全功能，沿着债的实现的轨道行进，代位权制度的首要价值不再是平衡当事人的利益，，而是保护债权人的利益。“优先受偿规则”不仅与代位权制度设置的初衷相悖，而且难以与传统民法理论相协调，使整个理论体系处于混乱之中。随着实践的加深，我们发现“优先受偿规则”并不像其鼓吹者说的那样有效，反而引起操作上的困难。越来越多的学者呼吁我国代位权制度应当回归“入库规则”。但直至今日，我国立法仍未放弃“优先受偿规则”，“优先受偿规则”的支持者们也仍在批判“入库规则”。因此笔者认为有必要对“优先受偿规则”展开全面的分析，指出其在理论上与实践中存在的弊端，并对“入库规则”的合理性加以论证，同时对传统的“入库规则”提出完善的建议，希望本文能为我国未来的民法典提供一些理论支持。第一章：债权人代位权制度概述。本章主要介绍了代位权制度的形成背景及原因，指出代位权设置的初衷就是保全债权，与“入库规则”的功能相一致。同时，介绍了我国法律关于代位权制度规定的历史沿革及其研究现状。第二章：“优先受偿规则”评析。指出“优先受偿规则”在理论中的困境及实践中的弊端。第三章：对“入库规则”的合理性进行了详细的论证。“入库规则”符合公平正义的要求，符合代位权基本价值趋向、符合债法的基本原理、符合立法目的，在实践中也更有效。第四章：“入库规则”在我国的适用和完善。针对“入库规则”存在的不足以及社会发展的需求，借鉴相关经验，对“入库规则”进行完善。结语：对文章主要内容和观点做总结。
[Abstract]:The problem of validity attribution after the exercise of subrogation is the key to study the system of subrogation, and it is also a problem that must be faced and solved in judicial practice. The dispute over the attribution of the effect of the exercise of the right of subrogation focuses on the adoption of the "rules of priority compensation" and the "rules of access to repositories". Article 73 of the contract Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "contract Law"), 1999 (hereinafter referred to as "contract Law") Once the system of subrogation was clearly defined. The system of subrogation has been formally established in China. However, there is no clear stipulation on the attribution of the validity of the exercise of the right of subrogation in the contract Law. After that, the Supreme people's Court adopted the "rule of priority compensation" in the interpretation of several issues concerning the application of contract law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "interpretation of contract law (1) >), which has caused extensive controversy. Some scholars think that "priority compensation rule" can effectively solve the problem of "triangle debt", and can stimulate the enthusiasm of creditors to exercise subrogation. However, most scholars are still worried about this, because the "priority compensation rule" causes the subrogation system in our country to separate from the preservation function of debt and go along the track of debt realization. The primary value of the subrogation system is no longer to balance the interests of the parties concerned. It is to protect the interests of creditors. The rule of priority compensation is not only contrary to the original intention of setting up the system of subrogation, but also difficult to coordinate with the traditional theory of civil law, which makes the whole theoretical system in confusion. With the deepening of practice, we find that the priority compensation rule is not as effective as its promoters say, but causes operational difficulties. More and more scholars call for the system of subrogation in our country to return to the rules of entry. But up to now, our country's legislation has not given up the "priority compensation rule", and the supporters of the "priority compensation rule" are still criticizing the "deposit rule". Therefore, the author thinks that it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the priority compensation rule, point out its drawbacks in theory and practice, and demonstrate the rationality of the "rule of entering the storehouse". At the same time, the author puts forward some perfect suggestions to the traditional "rules of entering the storehouse", and hopes that this paper can provide some theoretical support for the future civil code of our country. Chapter one: Overview of creditor's subrogation system. This chapter mainly introduces the background and reasons of the system of subrogation, and points out that the original intention of the establishment of subrogation is to preserve the creditor's rights, which is consistent with the function of "the rules of entering the storehouse". At the same time, it introduces the history and research status of the subrogation system in our country. Chapter two: comment on the priority compensation Rule. This paper points out the dilemma of the priority compensation rule in theory and the malpractice in practice. Chapter three: the rationality of the rules of entry is demonstrated in detail. The entry rules accord with the requirements of fairness and justice, the basic value trend of subrogation, the basic principle of debt law, the legislative purpose, and are more effective in practice. Chapter four: the application and perfection of the rules of warehousing in our country. In view of the deficiency of the rules and the needs of the social development, the rules of entering the storehouse are perfected by referring to the relevant experience. Conclusion: summarize the main contents and viewpoints of the article.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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