论竞业禁止约定研究

发布时间：2019-05-11 05:39

【摘要】：竞业禁止是市场经济不断发展的产物,其存续有一定的正当性基础。一方面,为激励企业不断创新和巩固科技创新成果,限制员工流动自由成为保护用人单位商业秘密的必要性手段；另一方面,科技创新呼吁人才加速流动,劳动者生存权、发展权的保障又亟需员工重获择业自由权。在平衡上述权益冲突方面,竞业禁止制度发挥了重要作用,但该制度是否具备持久、旺盛的生命力更多的还在于立法上能否对其进行合理和有效规制。鉴于此,各国在关于竞业禁止制度的规制方面均进行了不少探索,也总结出一些经验,这些都将为国内完善此制度提供有益思路和完善方向。根据义务产生方式的不同,竞业禁止分为约定竞业禁止和法定竞业禁止。我国现行立法关于约定竞业禁止的规定,主要散见于法律、法规、行政规章和地方性立法中,且立法层次较低,致使其无法在全国范围内适用。尽管《劳动合同法》从国家立法层面对约定竞业禁止进行了相对明确的规定,但却因规定的较为粗糙和原则化,无法对全国范围内的竞业禁止合同展开有效规制,导致司法实践中可操作性和适用性不强。加之《劳动争议司法解释(四)》规定了过低的经济补偿,不利于劳动者生存权益的保障。因此,国内关于竞业禁止制度在立法上的规制和完善确有必要,也较为紧迫。本文首先介绍了约定竞业禁止制度的基本问题,之后从劳动者适用方面和时间、范围、终止以及经济补偿三个方面展开研究,并针对国内立法上存在的问题,最终提出部分引入约定竞业禁止无效制度和竞业禁止协议效力要件的完善建议,以期实现对约定竞业禁止制度的合理和有效规制,使劳动者的工作权与用人单位的商业秘密权得到有效、合理平衡。
[Abstract]:The prohibition of competition is the product of the continuous development of market economy, and its survival has a certain legitimate basis. On the one hand, in order to encourage enterprises to innovate and consolidate the achievements of scientific and technological innovation, restricting the freedom of employee mobility has become a necessary means to protect the trade secrets of employers; On the other hand, scientific and technological innovation calls for the accelerated flow of talents, the protection of workers' right to survival and development, and the urgent need for employees to regain their right to choose their jobs. The system of prohibition of competition plays an important role in balancing the conflicts of rights and interests mentioned above, but whether the system has long-lasting and vigorous vitality lies in whether it can be regulated reasonably and effectively in legislation. In view of this, many countries have carried out a lot of exploration on the regulation of the prohibition of competition system, and summed up some experiences, which will provide beneficial ideas and direction for the improvement of this system in our country. According to the different ways of producing obligations, the prohibition of non-competition is divided into contractual prohibition and legal prohibition. The current legislation of our country concerning the prohibition of business competition is mainly scattered in laws, regulations, administrative regulations and local legislation, and the legislative level is relatively low, which makes it impossible to apply in the whole country. Although the Labor contract Law has made a relatively clear provision on the prohibition of contractual competition from the level of national legislation, it is unable to effectively regulate the prohibition of competition contracts throughout the country because of the relatively rough and principled regulations. As a result, the maneuverability and applicability in judicial practice are not strong. In addition, the Judicial interpretation of Labor disputes (4) stipulates that the economic compensation is too low, which is not conducive to the protection of workers' survival rights and interests. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to regulate and perfect the system of non-competition in China. This paper first introduces the basic problems of the system of prohibition of contractual competition, and then studies it from the aspects of laborer's application and time, scope, termination and economic compensation, and aims at the problems existing in domestic legislation. Finally, the author puts forward some perfect suggestions of introducing the invalid system of the prohibition of contractual competition and the effective elements of the agreement on the prohibition of competition, in order to realize the reasonable and effective regulation of the system of prohibition of the prohibition of business competition by agreement. Make the worker's right to work and the employer's right of trade secrets to be effective and reasonably balanced.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.5

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