论我国未成年人财产权的民法保护

发布时间：2018-06-08 15:51

本文选题：未成年人财产权利 + 亲权　；参考：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 未成年人的财产权,是指未成年人基于独立的法律人格,因继承、赠与或劳动、经营等方式取得的归未成年人自己所有的财产。随着亲子法“子女本位”的演进和对未成年人财产权利的普遍承认,现今世界各国对未成年人财产的法律保护也愈加完善。由于未成年人心智成熟程度不具备完全民事行为能力,大多数国家在民事法律体系的亲属编中设置亲权制度和监护制度,通过父母或其他监护人对未成年人履行财产管理职责以求对其保护。我国现行《婚姻法》并没有设立亲权制度,只是在《民法通则》中对包括父母在内的广义的监护制度作以概括规定。现代家庭财产结构的复杂化和未成年子女财产的多样化,使我国在未成年人财产权保护制度的设置上,缺少立法体例的系统性和内容的完备性。过于笼统概括的监护人责任的法律规定,导致司法实践中对侵害未成年人财产行为的界定责任追究和权利救济等问题,都缺少有效的可操作性。由于我国婚姻家庭法中未设有亲权制度,笔者认为需要将父母对未成年子女基于亲权的财产照顾权与非父母监护人对未成年人的财产监护区别研究。本文分为四章来分别进行论述: 第一章是对未成年人财产权保护制度作以概述。从亲子法由“家族本位”向“子女本位”演进的历程,来分析未成年人财产权法律保护从无到有的历史发展过程,并分析未成年人财产权的享有具有应然性和必要性。在第二章中对世界各国,特别是大陆法系国家以及我国港、澳、台地区的立法例进行比较研究。第三章是对我国现行的未成年人财产权保护的法律体系和特点进行分析。我国现行法律对亲权制度的缺失与监护制度的错位的立法体例,使我国有关未成年人财产权保护的法律体系残缺而混乱,也缺少司法实践中的可操作性。第四章是笔者对完善我国未成年人财产权保护的民法思考。在法律体系上,应当确立“子女最大利益”原则,明确财产范围,并在未来我国民法典的亲属编中区分设立亲权制度与监护制度。对非法处分未成年人财产行为的标准和效力进行界定,并建议设立监护监督制度。最后是在我国未成年人财产权利受侵害时,对侵权责任追究机制和司法救济机制的思考。通过对未成年人财产权保护制度的学习和研究,笔者希望通过深入理论研究,借鉴国外相关的制度设置,立足我国实践对未成年人财产权保护的立法体系、内容规定和实践操作等问题进行思考,以促使在我国民法中对未成年人财产权保护制度的理论结构更为合理,法律体系更趋完善。
[Abstract]:The property right of minors refers to the property acquired by minors by way of inheritance, gift, labor and management based on independent legal personality. With the evolution of parent-child law and the recognition of minors' property rights, the legal protection of minors' property in the world is becoming more and more perfect. As minors do not have full capacity for civil conduct in their degree of mental maturity, most countries have established paternity systems and guardianship systems in the relative category of the civil legal system. Perform property management duties on minors through their parents or other guardians in order to protect them. The current Marriage Law of our country has not established the system of parental authority, but in the General principles of Civil Law, it makes a general stipulation on the broad guardianship system, including parents. The complexity of modern family property structure and the diversification of minor children's property make our country lack the systematicness of legislation style and the completeness of content in setting up the protection system of minors' property rights. The legal provisions of guardian's responsibility, which are too general and generalizable, lead to the problems of defining responsibility and right relief for infringing minors' property in judicial practice. Because there is no paternity system in the marriage and family law of our country, the author thinks that it is necessary to study the difference between parents' property care right based on parental power and non-parental guardian's property guardianship over minors. This paper is divided into four chapters to discuss: the first chapter is a summary of the protection system of minors' property rights. From the evolution of parent-child law from "family standard" to "child standard", this paper analyzes the historical development process of the legal protection of minors' property rights from scratch, and analyzes that the enjoyment of minors' property rights is of necessity and necessity. In the second chapter, a comparative study is made on the legislations of countries all over the world, especially civil law countries, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The third chapter analyzes the legal system and characteristics of the protection of minors' property rights. The lack of parental right system and the dislocation of guardianship system in the current law of our country make the legal system concerning the protection of the property rights of minors incomplete and confused, and also lack the maneuverability in judicial practice. The fourth chapter is the author to perfect our country minor property right protection civil law ponder. In the legal system, the principle of "best interests of children" should be established, the scope of property should be defined, and the establishment of paternity system and guardianship system should be distinguished in the kinship series of our country's civil code in the future. This paper defines the standard and effect of illegal disposition of minors' property, and suggests the establishment of guardianship supervision system. Finally, when the property rights of minors are infringed, the author thinks about the mechanism of investigating tort liability and the mechanism of judicial remedy. Through the study and research on the protection system of minors' property rights, the author hopes to make a deep theoretical study. Based on the practice of our country, the legislative system, content regulation and practical operation of the protection of minors' property rights are considered. In order to promote the theoretical structure of the protection system of minors' property rights in China's civil law, the legal system is more perfect.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923

【引证文献】