家庭暴力防卫权研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 14:30

【摘要】：本文共约32000字，中心要点是论证确立家庭暴力防卫权的理论与事实依据，从而实现当事人之间在家庭生活中的法律地位和权力平衡。包括三章，第一章家庭暴力现状与原因，分家庭暴力现状和家庭暴力成因两节；第二章现行防卫权立法对解决家庭暴力问题的局限性，分防卫权的适用条件、对家庭暴力行使防卫权的临界时间和现行防卫权立法的局限性三节；第三章运用防卫权解决家庭暴力的特殊要求，分依法、科学确立家庭暴力犯罪中的防卫权和家庭暴力防卫权立法实践的发展与完善两节。在第一章家庭暴力现状与原因中，指出家庭有法定概念和事实存在两种范畴。前者指按照婚姻法组成并且产生的人际关系，后者指不具有法定要件但是却事实上存在家庭属性的人际关系。家庭暴力的成员范围不仅包括夫妻间，而且也包括非夫妻关系的家庭成员。所以家庭暴力应当是指，行为人基于某种力量的比较优势，故意对与自己有实质家庭关系的人所实施的肉体和精神迫害行为。这个概念有三个属性。首先，，实施暴力者只有与被害人具有实质家庭关系，才能构成家庭暴力，否则应当属于社会暴力。所谓实质家庭关系，包括前文所说的法定概念和事实存在两种范畴的家庭关系。家庭暴力因为涉暴双方的相互关系不同，而区别于社会暴力。其次，施暴者的主观必须是故意的，可以是直接故意，也可能是间接故意。在家庭关系框架下，因为过失造成的对被害人的伤害，非出于行为人的本意，并且对于正常人来讲，过失是不可能重复发生的，所以家庭暴力不存在过失问题。第三，家庭暴力的实施环节既包括生理上的，也应当包括心理上的，只要是故意实施了危害被害人身心健康的行为，就属于家庭暴力。之后，以大量的资料说明家庭暴力造成严重社会危害的现状，指出家庭暴力虽然是一种特殊临界时间的不法侵害形态，但是由于没有立法 WP=49 上的确认而成为严重的现实社会问题。它导致受害人伤残、死亡的案件增多，我国五成以上的女性犯人因为不堪忍受家庭暴力而走上犯罪道路。家庭暴力已成为全球公害而为世界各国所关注。关于家庭暴力的原因，导致家庭暴力和关联犯罪的原因是多方面的，但主要原因之一是我国相关法制建设不够。它首先表现为立法欠缺。我国法律在打击和控制家庭暴力方面，还处于消极和被动的状态，刑法至今没能将家庭暴力犯罪直接、专门地明确。其次表现为目前的司法制度根本无法治理家庭暴力。目前家庭暴力被诉诸法律仍有较多障碍。由于立法不够明确和执法观念上的偏差，使执法部门和司法机关不能为家庭暴力受害妇女提供及时有效的司法保护。家庭暴力受害人缺乏有效的法律救济途径，使得那些视妻子为私有财产、动辄打骂的丈夫更加有恃无恐。在第二章现行防卫权立法对解决家庭暴力问题的局限性里，指出了在当事人之间客观存在的权力失衡问题。首先强调，法律赋予公民为保障生命和财产安全免受急迫不正当之侵害时的正当防卫权，以法确认其维护自身合法权益的自力救助行为的合法性，是人类社会发展过程中一种正确而理智的选择。关于对家庭暴力防卫权立法的客观依据，通过指出不法侵害行为的复杂性与防卫权立法的教条化之间的尖锐矛盾，和防卫行为的动态性与防卫权立法的静态性之间的矛盾，论证受害人在遭受家庭暴力犯罪侵害时而行使防卫权遇到的种种困惑，以及不法侵害行为往往得不到应有惩罚的严重现实和后果，在人们的社会心理上产生了严重的负效应。正当防卫所面临的防卫对象是不法侵害行为。而不法侵害行为本身则是一个内涵、外延十分广泛的模糊概念，它涉及到许多方面。从不法侵害行为的性质和种类而言，既有一般违法行为，又有犯罪行为。家庭暴力犯罪，覆盖面相当大，其危害性有大有小，违法行为也有轻有重；从实施主体而言，力量有强有弱。行为人的主观方面各异，有事前预谋的，也有临时起意的，其目的、动机不尽相同；从手段、方式而言，有 WP=50 直接使用暴力的，有以暴力相威胁的，有当众公开实施的，有在家庭内部进行的，如此等等。上述不法侵害行为的特点，与刑法规定的某一具体犯罪行为相比有着很大差别。对于某一具体犯罪行为而言，其行为的性质、罪名总是确定的，伤害就是伤害，盗窃就是盗窃。其手段也是有限的，以故意杀人为例，无非拳脚、凶器、投毒等。而不法侵害行为则要复杂得多。因此，根据不法侵害行为的复杂性，防卫权立法必须具有针对性。所谓防卫行为的动态性，一是指不法侵害行为正在进行或即将发生；二是指受害人必须当机立断，选择必要的对策，以制止不法侵害行为的继续发展；三是指不法侵害与防卫双方都处在运动状态，事态还正在发展变化，受害人必须随机应变，根据情况的变化不断调整防卫的手段和方式。法律是在犯罪事实发生之后进行惩罚的法律，属于事后法。刑法的真正强制性作用——特殊预防功能，主要还是通过对各种具体犯罪行为的事后法律评价来发挥的。所以用这种静态的事后法规范正当防卫行为是严重脱离实际的。静态的立法导致了静态的司法。司法机关在事后处理有关正当防卫的案件时，没有充分考虑防卫时的实际情况，没有实事求是地设身处地地进行公正评价，单纯从加害的结果出发，对受害人过于苛
[Abstract]:In this paper, about 32000 words, the central point is to demonstrate the theoretical and factual basis of establishing the right to defend domestic violence, so as to realize the legal status and power balance among the parties in the family life. It includes three chapters, the first chapter, the present situation and the cause of domestic violence, the current situation of domestic violence and the causes of domestic violence; the second chapter of the current legislation on the right to defend the limitation of the problem of domestic violence and the applicable conditions of the right to defend the domestic violence, Chapter 3 uses the right of defense to solve the special requirements of domestic violence, and points out the development and perfection of the legislation on the right to defend and the right of domestic violence in the crime of domestic violence. in that first chap, the present situation and the cause of domestic violence indicate that the family has the legal concept and There are two categories of the fact that the former refers to the interpersonal relationship that is made up and produced in accordance with the marriage law, which means that there is no legal requirement, but in fact there is a family Interpersonal relationship of the nature of the court. The range of members of domestic violence includes not only the husband and wife, but also the non-husband A family member of a wife's relationship. Therefore, domestic violence should mean that the perpetrator, on the basis of a comparative advantage of some kind of power, intentionally carries out the meat carried out by a person who has a substantial family relationship with himself. (a) The conduct of body and spiritual persecution. The concept has three attributes. First, the perpetrator only has a substantial family relationship with the victim in order to In the case of domestic violence, it should be a social violence. The so-called substantive family relationship, including the law referred to in the previous text, There are two categories of family relations between the concept and the fact. The relationship between the two parties is different, and it is different from the social violence. Secondly, the subjective of the perpetrator must be intentional. In the framework of the family relationship, the damage to the victim caused by the fault is not intended for the actor, and the fault is not possible for the normal person. As a result, domestic violence does not have a fault. Third, the implementation of domestic violence includes both physical and psychological, as long as the purpose of the intentional implementation of the hazard is The behavior of the physical and mental health of the person is a family violence. After that, the present situation of the serious social harm caused by domestic violence is explained with a large amount of information, and the domestic violence is pointed out although it is a kind of The lawless forms of special critical time, but by has become serious without the confirmation of the legislation WP = 49 The real social problem. It leads to the death of the victim and the death of the victim. More than five female prisoners in our country are on the path of crime because of the unbearable domestic violence. Domestic violence has become a global public hazard and is the world's country of interest. The causes of domestic violence and the causes of domestic violence and related crimes are many, but one of the main reasons is that the relevant legal system in China is not enough. It first appears as a lack of legislation. The law of our country is in the fight against and control the family. In the aspect of violence, it is also in a negative and passive state, and the punishment The law has not yet been able to direct, specifically and specifically, domestic violence. Second, the current system of the administration of justice is not at all possible to control domestic violence. Domestic violence is now being considered There are still more obstacles to access to the law. Because of the lack of clarity in the legislation and the deviation in the concept of law enforcement, it is not possible for law enforcement and the judiciary to provide domestic violence The provision of timely and effective judicial protection for women victims of violence. The lack of effective legal remedies for victims of domestic violence has led to the view of the wife as private property In the second chapter, the author points out the problem of power imbalance between the parties. First of all, the law gives the citizen the guarantee. It is a right and reasonable choice in the development of human society. On the objective basis of the legislation on the right to defend domestic violence, the author points out the sharp contradiction between the complexity of the lawbreaking behavior and the teaching of the legislation of defense right, and the dynamic of the defense behavior and the static nature of the legislation on the right of defense. The contradiction between the victim and the violent crime of the family is demonstrated. Sometimes the confusion of the right to defend and the serious reality that the lawless behavior is often not punished and has a serious negative effect on people's social psychology. The defense object facing the self-defense is the lawless behavior, and the lawless behavior itself is an important and extensive fuzzy concept. It involves many aspects. In terms of the nature and the kind of the lawless behavior, it is not only the general illegal act, but also the crime. The violent crime of the family, the coverage phase When it is large, its harmfulness is very small, and the illegal act is light and heavy; in terms of the implementation of the subject, the strength is strong and weak. of the perpetrator There are various subjective aspects, premeditated and temporary, the purpose of which is not the same; from the hand in that case of a segment, the WP = 50 directly having a public offering in public, in a violent and threatening manner, in the interior of the family. That's what's going on, and so on. The above-mentioned illegal invasion The characteristics of the act of harm have a great difference with the specific criminal act stipulated in the criminal law. In the case of a specific criminal act, the nature of the act, the charge is always determined, the injury is the injury, the theft is the theft. The means is also limited, with the purpose of intentional killing as a case, not only the boxing, the murder weapon, the poisoning, etc., and the lawless behavior is much more complicated. Therefore, according to the complexity of the lawless behavior, the legislation of defense right must be targeted. The dynamics of the defense behavior, one is that the lawless behavior is in progress or is going to be life; two means that the victim must be on the machine, choose the necessary countermeasures, to stop the continued development of the lawless behavior, and the third refers to the lawless. The two sides are in a state of movement, and the situation is changing, and the victim must Random strain, according to the change of the situation The means and means of adjusting the defence. The law is a law that punishes after the occurrence of a crime, and is an ex post act. The real compulsory role of the criminal law _ special prevention function, mainly through the case of a variety of specific criminal acts
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D914

【引证文献】