有限责任公司中小股东分红权的保护

发布时间：2018-02-05 22:26

本文关键词： 有限责任公司中小股东分红权强制分红之诉　出处：《中央民族大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：分红是中小股东在有限责任公司中获取资产收益的非常重要的一种途径,我国《公司法》第四条①以法律的形式确认了股东的分红权。在有限责任公司中,大股东可能会出于排挤、压榨中小股东等目的,滥用“资本多数决原则”操纵股东会,使公司规避分红义务,损害中小股东的分红权。有限责任公司在承担社会责任的同时,其最终目的是实现股东利益最大化。中小股东作为公司这一团体的成员,其分红权受到损害时有必要及时获得救济。一方面,我国新《公司法》为中小股东提供了一些救济措施,包括转股权(《公司法》第七十一条),异议股东退股权(《公司法》第七十四条),股东会决议撤销或确认无效之诉(《公司法》第二十二条),公司解散之诉(《公司法》第一百八十二条),但是这些救济途径都存在针对性不足、实效性不强、成本过高的问题,需要进一步完善。另一方面,对于中小股东在未能提供公司分红决议的情况下,直接依据股东分红权向法院提起的强制分红请求,各地法院有着不同的看法和理解。许多案件被挡在法院大门之外,或者被法院以“不符合分红的形式要件”为由,判决驳回诉讼请求,这实不利于实现对中小股东分红权的保护。因此,我国应当借鉴英美等国的立法经验,引入强制分红之诉,保护弱势中小股东的分红权。本文在结构上分为四章：第一章为有限责任公司中小股东分红权保护必要性与可行性。笔者结合案例分析了我国目前有限责任公司中小股东分红权受侵害的主要表现形态及原因,综合司法实践和法理依据,得出中小股东分红权保护的紧迫性、必要性、可行性。第二章为我国有限责任公司中小股东分红权保护现状与面临问题。笔者深入分析了《公司法》相关法条,指出我国现有的几种间接救济途径(事前契约性保护措施、转股权、异议股东退股权、股东会决议无效或可撤销之诉、公司解散之诉)的弊端和操作性不强的问题,得出现有的救济体系不足以充分保护中小股东分红权的结论,为后文的制度完善以及强制分红之诉的引入奠定基础。第三章为我国有限责任公司中小股东分红权的现有保护措施的完善。笔者在这一部分提出了对我国《公司法》相关分红权保护制度的完善建议,分为事前防御性保护以及事后救济性保护,具体包括构建事前契约型安排制度、增强股东会分红决议的科学性和民主性、完善异议股东退股制度、完善股权转让制度、引导法院慎重裁判公司解散之诉。第四章介绍了国外对于强制分红之诉的相关立法经验,深入论证了强制分红之诉的优越性,提出了在我国构建强制分红之诉具体的实体和程序构想。
[Abstract]:Dividend is a very important way for medium and small shareholders to obtain asset income in a limited liability company. Article 1 of our country's Company Law 4th confirms the shareholder's right of dividend in the form of law. For the purpose of crowding out and squeezing minority shareholders, the majority shareholders may abuse the "capital majority principle" to manipulate the shareholders' meeting so as to make the company avoid the obligation to pay dividends. The ultimate goal of the limited liability company is to maximize the interests of the shareholders. The minority shareholders are members of the company as a group. On the one hand, the new Company Law of our country provides some relief measures for the minority shareholders, including the transfer of equity (Article 71th). Dissenting shareholders withdraw their shares (Article 74th of the Company Law), shareholders' meeting decides to withdraw or confirm the action of invalidity (Article 22th of the Company Law), and the lawsuit of the dissolution of the Company (Article 182th of the Company Law). However, these remedies are inadequate, the effectiveness is not strong, the cost is too high, need to be further improved. On the other hand, for the minority shareholders in the case of failure to provide the company's dividend resolution. According to the shareholders' right to pay dividends directly to the court for compulsory dividends, the courts have different views and understandings. Many cases are blocked out of the court gate. Or by the court to "do not meet the formal requirements of dividends", judgment rejected the claim, which is not conducive to the realization of the protection of minority shareholders' right to dividends. Therefore, our country should learn from the legislative experience of the United States and the United States and other countries. The introduction of compulsory dividend litigation. The structure of this paper is divided into four chapters:. The first chapter is the necessity and feasibility of the protection of the minority shareholders' right of dividend distribution in limited liability companies. The author analyzes the main forms and reasons of the infringement of the minority shareholders' dividend rights of the limited liability companies in China. Comprehensive judicial practice and legal basis, draw the minority shareholders to protect the urgency of the right to dividends, the necessity. The second chapter is about the current situation and problems of the protection of minority shareholders' dividend right in China's limited liability companies. The author deeply analyzes the relevant articles of the Company Law. The author points out that there are several ways of indirect remedy in our country, such as prior contractual measures of protection, conversion of equity, withdrawal of dissenting shareholders, invalid or revocable resolution of shareholders' meeting. The malpractice and the problem that the operation is not strong, draw the conclusion that the existing relief system is not enough to protect the minority shareholders' right of dividend distribution. The third chapter is the improvement of the existing protection measures of minority shareholders' dividend rights in China's limited liability companies. Law > suggestions on how to improve the protection system of the right to pay dividends. It is divided into defensive protection in advance and relief protection after the event, including the construction of the pre-contract arrangement system, the enhancement of the scientific and democratic nature of the dividend resolution of the shareholders' meeting, and the improvement of the system of dissenting shareholders withdrawing shares. Improve the system of equity transfer, guide the court to carefully judge the dissolution of the litigation. Chapter 4th introduces the relevant foreign legislation for compulsory dividend litigation, in-depth demonstration of the advantages of compulsory dividend litigation. Put forward the concrete entity and procedure conception of constructing compulsory dividend lawsuit in our country.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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