论金融消费领域中不当劝诱行为的认定和处理

发布时间：2018-04-12 22:08

本文选题：金融消费 + 金融消费者　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着金融市场的拓展和金融创新的不断发展,金融商品的种类得到极大的丰富,其结构也日益复杂。在巨大的竞争压力和“多卖多挣”的利益驱动下,金融机构为赢得竞争优势,可能会对所提供的金融商品进行误导性宣传和侵犯性劝诱。与此同时,由于专业知识和信息能力的局限性,金融消费者高度依赖于金融机构的推介劝诱而购买金融商品,使得金融市场上涌现出大量的消费者受损事件。然而,对于此类消费纠纷,法院通常简单地以金融消费者在有关风险说明文件上签字表达了其真实意志为由判决消费者败诉,使得金融消费者的合法权益得不到应有的保护。有鉴于此,本文在分析金融消费活动特殊性的基础上,对金融机构不当劝诱行为的主体、客体、表现形式、主观要件等展开研究,并通过对误导性劝诱行为特殊侵权责任和侵犯性劝诱行为撤回权制度的梳理,为金融消费者保护提供可行的建议。本文除导论和结语外,分为3部分:第一部分——从金融消费的特殊性看不当劝诱行为认定和处理的取向。金融消费活动具有不同于传统消费的特殊属性。金融交易严重的信息不对称性、金融消费者认识的局限性以及销售方式突出的劝诱性特征,将本就处于弱势地位的金融消费者推至更加不利的境地。因此,应当在金融商品销售阶段秉持倾斜保护金融消费者的理念,加重金融机构的法定义务和责任。第二部分——金融消费领域中不当劝诱行为的认定。金融机构的不当劝诱行为扭曲了交易的公平性和公正性,法律应当对此作出规制。但是,法律的过度管制又可能损及金融市场的效率。本部分通过对不当劝诱行为的主体范围、客体范围、表现形式、主观要件等进行探讨,力图寻求在金融消费者保护与市场效率之间实现平衡的思路。此外,根据不当劝诱行为的特点,本部分对不当劝诱行为进行了类型化划分,将其分为误导性劝诱行为和侵犯性劝诱行为。第三部分——金融消费领域中不当劝诱行为的处理。对于金融机构的误导性劝诱行为,我国民事责任请求权基础的不明确,使得司法实践中金融消费者请求民事救济的胜诉率极低,宜将其纳入特殊立法的范畴,订明金融机构的误导性劝诱行为构成特殊侵权行为,对造成金融消费者权益损害的应按照法律规定承担损害赔偿责任,并就证明责任的分配予以明确。而对于侵犯性劝诱行为,由于金融机构的这种劝诱方式可能会对金融消费者的意思形成过程施加不当影响,使其在误认或困惑的情形下作出不利的交易决定,因此,理想的方式是赋予金融消费者撤回权,使其在合同缔结之后可以再次进行理性选择。
[Abstract]:With the development of financial market and financial innovation, the types of financial commodities are greatly enriched and its structure is becoming more and more complex.In order to win the competitive advantage, financial institutions may give misleading publicity and aggressive persuasion to the financial commodities provided under the huge competitive pressure and the profit driven by "more selling and more earning".At the same time, due to the limitations of professional knowledge and information ability, financial consumers rely heavily on the financial institutions to recommend and persuade them to buy financial commodities, which makes a large number of consumer damage incidents emerge in the financial market.However, for this kind of consumer dispute, the court usually decides that the financial consumer's legal rights and interests can not be protected by simply using the financial consumer's signature on the risk statement document to express his true will.In view of this, based on the analysis of the particularity of financial consumption activities, this paper studies the subject, object, manifestation and subjective elements of improper persuasion of financial institutions.By combing the system of special tort liability of misleading persuasion and retractive right of infringing persuasion, it provides feasible suggestions for financial consumer protection.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the orientation of the identification and treatment of improper persuasion from the particularity of financial consumption.The financial consumption activity has the special attribute which is different from the traditional consumption.The serious information asymmetry of financial transactions, the limitation of financial consumers' cognition and the persuasive characteristics of sales methods push the financial consumers who are already in a weak position to a more disadvantageous position.Therefore, we should uphold the idea of protecting financial consumers in the stage of selling financial commodities, and increase the legal obligations and responsibilities of financial institutions.The second part-the identification of improper persuasion in the field of financial consumption.The unfair persuasion of financial institutions distorts the fairness and fairness of transactions, which should be regulated by law.However, excessive regulation of the law may impair the efficiency of financial markets.This part explores the subject scope, object scope, expression form and subjective elements of improper persuasion, and tries to find a way to achieve balance between financial consumer protection and market efficiency.In addition, according to the characteristics of improper persuasion, this part classifies improper persuasion into misleading persuasion and aggressive persuasion.The third part-the handling of improper persuasion in the field of financial consumption.For the misleading persuasion of financial institutions, the unclear basis of civil liability claims in our country makes the successful rate of financial consumers requesting civil relief extremely low in judicial practice, so it is appropriate to bring it into the category of special legislation.It is stipulated that the misleading persuasion of financial institutions constitutes a special tort and that those who cause damage to the rights and interests of financial consumers should bear the liability for damages in accordance with the law and make clear the distribution of the burden of proof.In the case of aggressive persuasion, because financial institutions may exert undue influence on the process of meaning formation of financial consumers, they may make adverse transaction decisions in case of misunderstanding or confusion.The ideal way is to give financial consumers the right to withdraw, so that they can make rational choices again after the contract is concluded.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8

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