我国高速公路收费政策分析

发布时间：2018-04-23 04:18

本文选题：高速公路 + 收费政策　；参考：《山东财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着改革开放的不断深化和经济社会的不断发展,国民经济对交通基础设施尤其是高等级公路的需求越来越强烈,但限于20世纪80年代国家财力匮乏,政府缺乏公路建设尤其是高速公路建设资金,引入社会资金和国外资金投资建设公路基础设施成为我国公路事业实现快速发展的必由之路。1984年,国务院正式出台了“贷款修路、收费还贷”政策,拓宽了公路建设资金的融资渠道,为以后的大规模公路建设奠定了良好的资金基础。1997年,国家出台了规范公路建设和管理的《公路法》,以法律的形式明确和规范了收费公路政策。2004年,国务院出台了《收费公路管理条例》,进一步规范了收费公路管理和公路收费行为,并增加了维护收费公路经营管理者和使用者合法权益的内容。经过三十年的发展,我国高速公路从无到有、从局部到网络,已经基本形成了比较完善的高速公路网。我国高速公路发展取得的巨大成就,与高速公路收费政策的制定和实施是密不可分的。但随着高速公路网的逐步完善及高速公路收费政策实施中出现的法制化程度不高、管理体制条块分割严重等问题,人们对高速公路收费政策提出了很多异议,要求取消收费的呼声也越来越高。我国高速公路收费政策将何去何从,已经成为人们关注的焦点问题,也是我国高速公路发展过程中一个亟待解决的命题。本文主要分为四个部分。一是研究高速公路收费政策及其在我国的演进,包括影响高速公路收费政策的主要因素、我国高速公路发展所处的阶段、我国高速公路收费政策的演进以及我国高速公路收费政策取得的积极效果。二是研究我国高速公路收费政策存在的问题及原因分析,包括收费政策制定存在的问题及原因分析和政策执行中的问题及原因分析。三是研究国外高速公路的收费模式及其启示,包括美国、德国、日本、法国等部分国家高速公路建设和收费情况、建设模式分类情况和收费比例分类情况等。四是研究完善我国高速公路收费政策的对策建议,并对我国高速公路收费政策进行一些趋势分析。本文从国外高速公路发展、我国高速公路收费政策变迁以及政策执行中的问题多个方面全面解读高速公路收费政策,既有国外高速公路发展过程的描述、收费模式的经验教训,也有对我国高速公路收费政策的变迁解读以及对收费政策执行中问题的治理策略,建立了中外高速公路宏观方面的基本框架,对以后高速公路政策研究提供了理论素材。另外,本文一个重要的创新点是对我国高速公路收费政策的因素分析,该分析利用经济学理论、公共政策理论等理论,试图总结高速公路发展的一般规律,同时对我国高速公路发展环境进行研究,理论性强、分析全面,为收费政策的预测提供了科学的分析方法,也可对我国高速公路收费政策研究提供方法论上的借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up and the development of economy and society, the demand of national economy for transportation infrastructure, especially for high-grade highways, is more and more intense, but limited to the lack of national financial resources in the 1980s. The government is short of highway construction funds, especially highway construction funds. The introduction of social funds and foreign funds to build highway infrastructure has become the only way to achieve rapid development of highway undertakings in China. In 1984, the State Council formally issued the "loan road repair," The policy of charging for repayment of loans has widened the financing channels for highway construction funds and laid a good financial foundation for future large-scale highway construction. The State has promulgated the Highway Law, which regulates highway construction and management, and has clearly defined and standardized the toll road policy in the form of law. In 2004, the State Council promulgated the regulations on the Administration of Toll roads, which further standardized the management of toll roads and the behavior of highway tolls. It also increases the content of maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of toll road managers and users. After 30 years of development, the highway network of our country has basically formed a perfect highway network from scratch, from part to network. The great achievements of highway development in China are closely related to the formulation and implementation of highway toll collection policy. However, with the gradual improvement of the expressway network and the low degree of legalization in the implementation of the expressway toll policy, and the serious fragmentation of the management system, people have raised a lot of objections to the expressway toll policy. Calls for the abolition of fees are also growing. It has become the focus of people's attention and a proposition to be solved urgently in the process of expressway development in our country. This paper is divided into four parts. The first is to study the expressway toll collection policy and its evolution in China, including the main factors that affect the expressway toll collection policy, and the stage in which the expressway in China is developing. The evolution of expressway toll policy and the positive effect of highway toll policy in China. The second part is to study the problems and causes of expressway toll collection policy in China, including the problems and causes of toll policy formulation and the analysis of problems and reasons in the implementation of the policy. The third is to study the toll mode of foreign expressway and its enlightenment, including some countries such as USA, Germany, Japan, France and other countries, such as highway construction and toll collection situation, construction model classification and toll proportion classification and so on. The fourth is to study the countermeasures and suggestions to perfect the highway toll policy in China, and to analyze the trend of the highway toll policy in our country. This paper comprehensively interprets the expressway toll policy from many aspects such as the development of foreign highways, the changes of highway toll policy and the problems in the policy implementation, including the description of the development process of foreign highways, the experience and lessons of the toll collection mode. There is also the interpretation of the change of the expressway toll policy in our country and the management strategy of the problems in the implementation of the toll policy. The basic frame of the macro aspect of the expressway at home and abroad is established, and the theoretical material is provided for the future study of the expressway policy. In addition, an important innovation point of this paper is to analyze the factors of expressway toll collection policy in China. This analysis makes use of the theories of economics and public policy, and tries to summarize the general law of highway development. At the same time, the author makes a research on the development environment of expressway in China, which is theoretical and comprehensive, which provides a scientific analysis method for the forecast of toll collection policy, and can also be used for reference in methodology for the study of highway toll policy in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.296;F542

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