我国公众参与城市规划法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 11:20

本文选题：城市规划 + 公众参与　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市规划是为了达成阶段性的城市发展目标,在综合考虑城市规模、定位的基础上,所进行的高效利用有限的城市土地资源、合理划分城市功能区、统筹管理具体建设项目的一系列活动。城市规划是对土地私权设置的公法限制,城市规划权是一项典型的行政权力,权力天生具有膨胀性,因此有必要引入公众参与机制对此进行监督和制约。现阶段,我国城市规划仍为“政府主导型”模式,短命建筑、钉子户、违法拆迁上访事件时有发生,公众实际上处于无参与或者形式参与的状态。因此,我们应回顾我国公众参与城市规划的现有法律法规,明确并肯定目前为止在公众参与领域进行的积极探索,同时也应在与西方发达国家相比较的情况下看到我国在该领域的不足之处,并提出完善建议。如何发挥公众参与在制约规划权力、提升规划方案科学性民主性中的作用,是本文需要探讨的问题。本文主要运用了规范分析、历史考察、比较借鉴、实证分析的研究方法,首先从公众参与和城市规划的概念分别着手,提取出了公众参与城市规划的概念,然后针对这一概念,挖掘出了背后深层次的法理基础,即参与式民主理论与权利对权力的制约理论。本文继而从国内角度,对公众参与城市规划的中央与地方法律现状进行了反思,并对“武汉大学爆破教学楼”与“扬州市古城保护”两个法律事件进行了法律分析,肯定了公众参与有约束规划权力、维护公共利益、保障程序正义的现实意义。接下来,本文重点分析了英国“中央政府主导模式”与美国“羁束为主裁量为辅”模式的先进立法与实践经验,得出了对我国的启示,即成熟的公众参与城市规划机制应具备参与主体明确且组织化程度高、参与方式灵活多样、参与程序具有可操作性、参与效力强、救济手段完备这五个特性,我国公众参与城市规划的机制与西方发达国家相比,在以上几个方面都存在着欠缺。最后,本文结合西方发达国家的立法与实践经验,并从我国自身国情出发,从参与主体、参与方式、参与程序、参与效力、救济手段等方面,对我国公众参与城市规划提出了完善建议,以期公众参与制度能真正在城市规划领域发挥现实作用。
[Abstract]:Urban planning is to achieve the stage of urban development goals, on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the size of the city, positioning, the efficient use of limited urban land resources, rational division of urban functional areas, A series of activities for the overall management of specific construction projects. Urban planning is a public law restriction to the private rights of land. The right of urban planning is a typical administrative power, and the power is inherently inflated, so it is necessary to introduce the mechanism of public participation to supervise and restrict it. At present, the urban planning of our country is still "government-oriented" mode, short-lived buildings, nail households, illegal demolition and petition events occur from time to time, and the public is actually in the state of no participation or formal participation. Therefore, we should review the existing laws and regulations governing public participation in urban planning and identify and affirm the positive exploration undertaken so far in the field of public participation, At the same time, we should also see the shortcomings of our country in this field and put forward some suggestions. How to play the role of public participation in restricting the planning power and enhancing the scientific and democratic nature of the planning scheme is a problem to be discussed in this paper. This paper mainly uses the research methods of normative analysis, historical investigation, comparative study and empirical analysis. Firstly, it extracts the concept of public participation in urban planning from the concepts of public participation and urban planning, and then aims at this concept. It excavates the deep legal foundation, namely participatory democracy theory and power restriction theory. From the domestic point of view, this paper reflects on the current situation of the central and local laws of public participation in urban planning, and makes a legal analysis of the two legal events of "blasting Teaching Building of Wuhan University" and "Protection of the Ancient City of Yangzhou City". It affirms the practical significance of public participation in constrained planning power, safeguarding public interests and safeguarding procedural justice. Then, this paper focuses on the analysis of the advanced legislation and practical experience of the "central government leading mode" in Britain and the "restraint based on discretion as auxiliary" model in the United States, and draws the enlightenment to our country. That is, the mature mechanism of public participation in urban planning should have the five characteristics of clear and highly organized participants, flexible and diverse ways of participation, maneuverability of participation procedures, strong effectiveness of participation, and complete relief means. Compared with the western developed countries, the mechanism of public participation in urban planning in China is deficient in the above aspects. Finally, this paper combines the legislative and practical experience of western developed countries, and from our own national conditions, from the participation of the main body, participation methods, participation procedures, participation effectiveness, relief means and so on. This paper puts forward some suggestions for public participation in urban planning in order that the system of public participation can really play a practical role in the field of urban planning.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.297

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