司法视角下我国海事强制令制度法律问题及完善

发布时间：2018-07-10 12:56

本文选题：海事强制令 + 行为保全　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：海事强制令制度是我国立法者在总结我国多年来海事诉讼的司法实践,并且借鉴了国外类似制度的基础上创设的诉讼法律制度。海事强制令制度的产生响应了我国司法实务的现实需要,发挥了其他诉讼制度无法替代的作用。但是,作为我国创设的特殊法律制度,海事强制令制度存在法律性质不明、实务争议较多、滥用后果严重等问题。本文通过对该制度的产生及影响、法律性质、与国外类似制度比较等方面的研究,分析论证该制度在司法实务中出现的具体法律问题,进而提出了完善海事强制令制度的整体构想。本文的研究除引言和结论部分外,共分为5章。第1章海事强制令制度的产生及影响。本章介绍了海事强制令制度产生的立法背景、现实需要,分析了海事强制令制度的在民法上及民事诉讼法上的理论依据,说明了海事强制令制度的制度由来及立法过程中的争议,并且指出了海事强制令制度对我国行为保全制度理论与立法的影响。第2章海事强制令的法律性质。本章以研究民事保全和行为保全的概念、功能、性质和特征入手,介绍了我国学者对海事强制令法律性质的各种观点及各自理由,在此基础上从四个方面分析论证海事强制令的法律性质,并且指出了该定性对海事强制令法律制度理论与实践的双重意义。第3章海事强制令制度在比较法上的分析。本章分析比较了海事强制令及国外类似诉讼程序,包括英国法下的冻结禁令、中间禁令以及大陆法系国家或地区的假处分。本章对上述三种类似诉讼程序的基本规则进行了归纳和阐述,对三种国外程序与海事强制令进行了比较分析,并且总结了三种国外程序对于完善我国海事强制令的启示。第4章我国司法实践中海事强制令制度的具体问题。本章归纳及分析了海事强制令制度在司法实践过程中出现的具体法律问题,从各种角度分析如何理解与界定海事强制令的法定作出条件、是否有必要补充新的作出条件,论证了我国法院在海事强制令审查程序中遇到的困难,分析了海事请求人担保的确定、免除、返还等争议,探讨了以海事强制令制度发挥国外两种特殊诉讼制度功能的可行性,提出了海事强制令在执行环节的障碍,以及分析了海事强制令与其他诉讼程序的竞合及世界性海事强制令的可行性。第5章完善我国海事强制令制度的构想。本章以前四章为基础,对于我国海事强制令制度在实务中难以克服的部分问题,基于海事强制令制度的自身特点、国外类似制度的经验、我国司法实践中的各种难点,提出了总体性的完善构想。建议创设海事请求人全面提供证据的义务、修改海事请求人担保的程序、在特定情形下尝试设立惩罚性赔偿责任、将海事强制令扩展适用于情况不紧急情形。
[Abstract]:Maritime injunction system is a kind of litigation legal system created by Chinese legislators on the basis of summing up the judicial practice of maritime litigation in our country for many years and drawing lessons from similar systems in foreign countries. The emergence of maritime injunction system responds to the practical needs of our judicial practice and plays an irreplaceable role in other litigation systems. However, as a special legal system established in our country, maritime injunction system has some problems, such as unclear legal nature, more disputes in practice and serious consequences of abuse. Through the research on the emergence and influence of the system, the nature of the law, and the comparison with similar systems abroad, this paper analyzes and demonstrates the specific legal problems of the system in the judicial practice. And then put forward the overall idea of perfecting the maritime injunction system. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this study is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 the emergence and influence of maritime injunction system. This chapter introduces the legislative background and practical needs of the maritime injunction system, and analyzes the theoretical basis of the maritime injunction system in the civil law and the civil procedure law. This paper explains the origin of the maritime injunction system and the disputes in the legislative process, and points out the influence of the maritime injunction system on the theory and legislation of the act preservation system in our country. Chapter 2 legal nature of maritime injunction. This chapter begins with the study of the concept, function, nature and characteristics of civil preservation and act preservation, and introduces the various viewpoints and reasons of Chinese scholars on the legal nature of maritime injunction. On this basis, this paper analyzes and demonstrates the legal nature of maritime injunction from four aspects, and points out its dual significance to the theory and practice of maritime injunction legal system. Chapter 3 analyzes the system of maritime injunction in comparative law. This chapter analyzes and compares maritime injunctions and similar foreign litigation procedures, including freezing injunctions under British law, intermediate injunctions and false disposition in countries or regions of civil law system. This chapter summarizes and expounds the basic rules of the above three similar litigation procedures, compares the three kinds of foreign procedures with the maritime injunction, and summarizes the enlightenment of the three kinds of foreign procedures for perfecting the maritime injunction in our country. Chapter 4: the concrete problems of maritime injunction system in judicial practice of our country. This chapter summarizes and analyzes the specific legal problems in the judicial practice of the maritime injunction system, analyzes how to understand and define the legal conditions of the maritime injunction from various angles, and whether it is necessary to supplement the new conditions. This paper demonstrates the difficulties encountered by Chinese courts in the procedure of examining maritime injunctions, analyzes on the disputes of the determination, exemption and return of maritime claimants' guaranty, and probes into the feasibility of exerting the functions of two foreign special litigation systems by the system of maritime injunctions. This paper puts forward the obstacles in the execution of maritime injunction, and analyzes the concurrence of maritime injunction with other litigation procedures and the feasibility of worldwide maritime injunction. Chapter 5: the conception of perfecting the system of maritime injunction in our country. This chapter is based on the previous four chapters. For some problems that are difficult to overcome in practice, based on the characteristics of maritime injunction system, the experience of similar systems in foreign countries, and the difficulties in judicial practice in our country. The author puts forward the perfect conception of totality. It is suggested to create the obligation of the maritime claimant to provide evidence in an all-round way, to modify the procedure of the guarantee of the maritime claimant, to try to establish punitive liability under certain circumstances, and to extend the maritime injunction to non-emergency situations.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294;D925.1

【引证文献】