论“空白期”保险事故发生后的责任承担
发布时间：2018-07-22 17:25
【摘要】：在我国，通常将保险公司收到保险费预交款后至合同成立之前的这段时间称为“空白期”。在保险人核保期间，投保人发生了保险事故，以此向保险公司提请赔偿，而保险公司以保险合同未成立为由拒绝承担赔偿责任，由此出现“空白期”危险事故发生后的危险承担问题。在我国，对于“空白期”危险承担问题的关注始于著名的“广州信诚案”。近年来，随着我国保险法理论研究的深入，在理论界提出应当对“空白期”被保险人和受益人利益给予制度上保障的呼吁逐渐增多。同时，由于我国的保险市场竞争激烈，许多公司在其保险合同文件中增加了暂保单、暂保承诺等自愿临时保障内容。我国在保险立法、司法和保险业管理上也进行了种种尝试，最高法院于2013年出台了《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国保险法若干问题的解释（二）》（以下简称《保险法司法解释二》），，其第4条提出了保护保险人核保权为核心的，构建以“符合承保条件”作为前提的保险合同推定成立规则，以期解决保险“空白期”责任承担问题。 但与其他国家或地区关于保险“空白期”问题处理的保险立法和司法实践相比较，我国在对投保人投保时起至保险人同意承保这一期间发生的危险事故处理上存在着许多问题。因此，本文在研究保险法理论的基础上，研究和借鉴各国（地区）保险法上已经完善的保险“空白期”治理规则，提出解决保险“空白期”责任的规则，修正条文，以匡其弊。 本文共分四个部分： 第一部分首先解释“空白期”危险承担问题在保险合同订立到履行中基本含义。一方面，确定保险“空白期”的范围；另一方面，分析保险责任与保险合同成立、生效之间的关系，厘清三者之间的关系是解决保险“空白期”责任的前提。同时，通过“广州信诚案”思考，我们应明确如下问题：一是保险合同成立的时间点如何确定；二是交付保费是否是保险合同成立或者生效的要件；三是预交保费性质为何。 第二部分通过对我国保险“空白期”责任的立法状况进行概括，重点阐述目前立法、理论上以及《保险法司法解释二》第4条关于“空白期”的危险保障规定所存在的问题，其主要内容包括：暂保承诺、临时保险保障缺乏立法上的支持；对于保险人预收保费后发生的保险事故，没有建立临时保险保障，而只是在符合承保的条件下推定合同成立等。 第三部分主要阐述其他国家或地区关于“空白期”责任问题的治理规则，包括暂保单规则、强制临时保险规则、追溯保险规则。 第四部分根据比较成熟的其他国家或地区关于解决保险空白期责任的方法，确立符合国情的保险空白期责任规则。首先，将保险合同推定成立纳入法律规范之中，适当引用合理期待原则；其次，借鉴国外关于保险空白期成熟的立法并适当推行强制临时保险规则，以期完善我国保险空白期责任承担的立法现状。 本文通过比较分析、案例分析的方法，理论联系实际，探讨研究了“空白期”责任的相关问题，以投保人和保险人利益的平衡为出发点，提出了处理“空白期”危险承担的规则与方法，以有利于保险行业的长远发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years , with the deepening of the theory of insurance law in our country , many companies have made various attempts in the insurance legislation , administration of justice and insurance . In recent years , with the deepening of the theory of insurance law in our country , many companies have put forward some explanations on the insurance law of the People ' s Republic of China .
However , compared with insurance legislation and judicial practice dealing with insurance " blank period " in other countries or regions , there are many problems in our country ' s handling of dangerous accidents which occurred during the period of insuring the insured . Therefore , on the basis of studying the theory of insurance law , this paper studies and draws on the " blank period " rule of insurance which has been perfected in the insurance law of countries ( region ) .
This article is divided into four parts :
The first part firstly explains the basic meaning of the " blank period " risk assumption in the performance of the insurance contract . On the one hand , the scope of the " blank period " of the insurance is determined ;
On the other hand , the relationship between the liability of insurance and the establishment of the insurance contract and the effect of the insurance contract is analyzed .
secondly , whether the delivery premium is an essential element for the establishment or entry into force of the insurance contract ;
Third , the nature of the prepaid premium .
The second part summarizes the legislative situation of the " blank period " liability of our country insurance , and focuses on the current legislation , the theory and the judicial interpretation of the " blank period " in the current legislation , the theory and the judicial interpretation of the " blank period " , the main contents include : the temporary insurance commitment , the temporary insurance safeguard , the lack of legislative support ;
In the case of an insurance accident that occurs after the insurer ' s advance payment of premium , no temporary insurance guarantee is established , but it is only presumed that the contract is established under the conditions of coverage .
The third part mainly expounds the governing rules of other countries or regions on the " blank period " liability , including the rules of insurance policies , compulsory provisional insurance rules and retroactive insurance rules .
The fourth part establishes the insurance blank period liability rule according to the national conditions according to the relatively mature method of other countries or regions concerned with the liability of insurance blank period . First , the presumption of insurance contract is incorporated into the legal norm , and the reasonable expectation principle is cited as appropriate ;
Secondly , draw lessons from the legislation of foreign insurance blank period and implement compulsory provisional insurance rules , in order to perfect the legislation present situation of the liability of insurance blank period in China .
Based on the comparative analysis , the method of case analysis , the combination of theory and practice , the paper discusses the related problems of " blank period " liability , and puts forward the rules and methods to deal with " blank period " risk in order to facilitate the long - term development of insurance industry .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284
本文编号：2138205
[Abstract]:In recent years , with the deepening of the theory of insurance law in our country , many companies have made various attempts in the insurance legislation , administration of justice and insurance . In recent years , with the deepening of the theory of insurance law in our country , many companies have put forward some explanations on the insurance law of the People ' s Republic of China .
However , compared with insurance legislation and judicial practice dealing with insurance " blank period " in other countries or regions , there are many problems in our country ' s handling of dangerous accidents which occurred during the period of insuring the insured . Therefore , on the basis of studying the theory of insurance law , this paper studies and draws on the " blank period " rule of insurance which has been perfected in the insurance law of countries ( region ) .
This article is divided into four parts :
The first part firstly explains the basic meaning of the " blank period " risk assumption in the performance of the insurance contract . On the one hand , the scope of the " blank period " of the insurance is determined ;
On the other hand , the relationship between the liability of insurance and the establishment of the insurance contract and the effect of the insurance contract is analyzed .
secondly , whether the delivery premium is an essential element for the establishment or entry into force of the insurance contract ;
Third , the nature of the prepaid premium .
The second part summarizes the legislative situation of the " blank period " liability of our country insurance , and focuses on the current legislation , the theory and the judicial interpretation of the " blank period " in the current legislation , the theory and the judicial interpretation of the " blank period " , the main contents include : the temporary insurance commitment , the temporary insurance safeguard , the lack of legislative support ;
In the case of an insurance accident that occurs after the insurer ' s advance payment of premium , no temporary insurance guarantee is established , but it is only presumed that the contract is established under the conditions of coverage .
The third part mainly expounds the governing rules of other countries or regions on the " blank period " liability , including the rules of insurance policies , compulsory provisional insurance rules and retroactive insurance rules .
The fourth part establishes the insurance blank period liability rule according to the national conditions according to the relatively mature method of other countries or regions concerned with the liability of insurance blank period . First , the presumption of insurance contract is incorporated into the legal norm , and the reasonable expectation principle is cited as appropriate ;
Secondly , draw lessons from the legislation of foreign insurance blank period and implement compulsory provisional insurance rules , in order to perfect the legislation present situation of the liability of insurance blank period in China .
Based on the comparative analysis , the method of case analysis , the combination of theory and practice , the paper discusses the related problems of " blank period " liability , and puts forward the rules and methods to deal with " blank period " risk in order to facilitate the long - term development of insurance industry .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284
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