我国《循环经济促进法》地方性配套立法法律责任研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 20:26

【摘要】：环境的污染与破坏、自然资源的损耗成为人类社会发展中最严重的问题,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都无法避免这一问题的困扰。如何实现可持续发展成为全人类共同的话题。在此背景下,循环经济日益成为各国重视的经济增长模式。循环经济是以资源的高效和循环利用为核心,以减量化、再利用、资源化为原则,以低排放、高效率为特征的经济增长模式。循环经济的思想肇始于20世纪60年代环境保护潮的兴起,并逐渐引起了人类社会发展模式的伟大变革。从20世纪90年代可持续发展战略确立以来,西方发达国家将发展循环经济、建立循环型社会视为可持续发展战略的首要途径和实现形式,学术界从不同角度对循环经济的基本内容做了研究,各国循环经济的具体实践也在全面展开,经过五十多年的努力探究,德国、日本等发达国家已经实现将循环经济法制化和社会化,适用法律规范推动和保障循环经济发展,循环型社会已初步形成。20世纪70年代,我国从现实国情出发,为防止污染、保护环境制定了多项法律法规,但其主要内容仍都是强调末端治理为其立法目的,与倡导能源低消耗、高利用、再循环原则为内容的循环经济理念存在较大差距；同时,行政执法存在执法不严、执法力量薄弱、执法技术落后与手段单一的问题,从而使法律对循环经济发展的保障作用不能得到实现,没能促进循环经济的发展；中国过去长期沿袭传统的非持续发展经济模式,与之相应的法制建设也打上了传统经济的烙印,导致现有的法律规范,管理机制难以满足循环经济的发展要求。尽管有《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》(2001年)、《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法》(2009年)和一系列循环经济法律法规群,还有一些省市根据实际情况进行了相关的配套立法活动,但是,包括《循环经济促进法》在内的促进循环经济发展的法律法规对法律责任的规定不甚详实,对实际操做的指导性不高,这就需要对地方性配套立法的法律责任进行研究,以期改善这一现状。并且我国现行《立法法》也扩大了立法主体的范围,明确了设区的市的立法权限包括了环境保护立法,这也是能开展地方性配套立法的一个前提条件。循环经济法律法规应当形成一个体系,既有循环经济基本法,也有综合性的循环经济法,也有具体行业资源的循环经济法,还有各地方的循环经济法规。本文以循环经济促进法地方性配套立法法律责任研究为切入点,着手分析了法律责任的概念并将国家法律责任与地方性法律责任相比较；接着分析了三种传统的法律责任的构成要件：为突出研究的必要性,在文章的第三部分探讨了《循环经济促进法》地方性配套立法的必要性,接着结合各地的实践经验,通过发达地区与欠发达地区的对比,总结了已经在实施的地方性配套立法法律责任规定的经验和教训：最后是吸取教训,提出对问题的完善建议,力求完善我国《循环经济促进法》地方性配套立法法律责任的规定,使之更符合社会生产活动的实际。
[Abstract]:Pollution and destruction of environment and depletion of natural resources have become the most serious problem in human social development. How to realize sustainable development becomes a common topic for all mankind. In this background, the circular economy increasingly becomes the economic growth model that countries attach importance to. The circular economy is the economic growth pattern characterized by low emission and high efficiency. The thought of circular economy began in the 1960s in the rise of the tide of environmental protection, and gradually brought about the great change of human social development mode. Since the establishment of sustainable development strategy in the 1990s, the western developed countries will develop a circular economy and establish a circular society as the primary way and implementation form of sustainable development strategy, and the academic circles have studied the basic contents of the circular economy from different angles. In the past 50 years, the developed countries such as Germany and Japan have realized the legalization and socialization of recycling economy, and the norms of applicable law promote and guarantee the development of circular economy. The circulation type society has been preliminarily formed. In the 1970s, in order to prevent pollution and protect the environment, many laws and regulations have been formulated in order to prevent pollution and protect the environment. At the same time, the law enforcement is not strict, the law enforcement power is weak, the law enforcement technology is backward and the method is single, so that the guarantee effect of the law on the development of circular economy can not be realized, The development of circular economy is not promoted; China used to follow the traditional non-sustainable development economic model for a long time, and the corresponding legal system has been branded with the traditional economy, which leads to the existing legal norms and the management mechanism is difficult to meet the development requirements of the circular economy. Although there are the Clean Production Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China (2001), the Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China (2009) and a series of circular economic laws and regulations group, and some provinces and cities have carried out relevant supporting legislative activities according to the actual situation, however, The provisions of laws and regulations on the development of circular economy, including the Circular Economy Promotion Law, are not very detailed, and the guidance for practical operation is not high, which requires the study of the legal responsibility of local supporting legislation, with a view to improving this situation. Moreover, China's current "law enforcement method" has also expanded the scope of the main body of the legislation, and the legislative power limit of the city in which the district is set up includes the legislation of environmental protection, which is also a prerequisite for the development of local supporting legislation. Circular economy laws and regulations should form a system, including the basic law of circular economy, comprehensive circular economic law, circular economic law with specific industry resources, and circular economy laws and regulations everywhere. In this paper, the author analyzes the concept of legal responsibility and compares the national legal responsibility with the local legal responsibility based on the study of the legal liability of the local supporting legislation of the Circular Economy Promotion Law, and then analyzes the constitutive requirements of three traditional legal responsibilities: the necessity of highlighting the study, In the third part of the article, the necessity of Local Supporting Legislation is discussed, and then the experience and lessons of the local supporting legislative legal liability which have been implemented are summarized through the comparison between the developed regions and the less developed regions. Finally, we learn from the lessons, put forward some suggestions on the problems, and strive to perfect the provisions of China's" Circular Economy Promotion Law "and local supporting legislative responsibility, so as to make it more consistent with the reality of social production activities.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.29

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