我国女大学生平等就业权保障制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 20:57

本文关键词： 女大学生平等权就业权就业歧视　出处：《江西财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国宪法确立了公民享有平等权。女大学生作为女性中接受高等教育的群体,她们的生存状况如何攸关家庭的和谐、社会的稳定。作为经济权利的就业权,对于女大学生而言是其赖以生存的根本。然而,由于各方面的原因,女大学生的就业权得不到平等保障,在求职过程受到侵害的现象比比皆是。平等就业权作为宪法上的一项基本权利,需要国家制定相关法律加以保障。女大学生平等就业权的实现不仅有利于实现女性的经济权利,维护女性的尊严,而且攸关国家和民族的前途命运。我国目前女大学生就业形势不容乐观。尽管国家在保障女性就业方面,出台了比较系统而全面的法律法规。但就整体立法而言,我国女性平等就业权仍然存在权利短缺和权利配置不科学的困境,这主要表现在：第一,有关平等就业权之规定政策性有余而法制化不足；第二,有关平等就业权规定仅留于形式,并无实质性内容,也未能建立起完备的平等就业权制度体系；第三,平等就业权与用工自主权的法律关系不明朗,导致企业用工自主权沦为侵害平等就业权的工具；第四,立法对用人单位的招录行为缺乏有效的规制。由于立法上的不足,导致女大学生在就业过程中频频遭受性别歧视,就业质量低于男生,并且越来越多的女大学生因就业难选择继续深造,延迟就业压力。分析我国女大学生平等就业权失范的原因,有助于我们从制度上找到相关的对策。总体而言,平等就业权失范主要存在以下四方面的原因：一是女大学生自身条件及所处环境方面的原因；二是相关法律法规及政府方面的原因；三是传统落后思想文化延续的影响；四是市场经济环境下就业要求的人为性因素。法律权利的保障离不开国家法制的完善。女大学生平等就业权的落实需要从观念、文化、法律、政策等层面着手。面对现实中存在的形形色色的就业歧视,唯有充分运用法律手段,通过采取包括强化自我认知度教育,重新进行角色定位；建立相关就业保障法律体系；创新就业保障机制,鼓励与惩罚措施并用以及优化法律救济途径等措施,来保障女大学生平等就业权的实现。
[Abstract]:The Constitution of our country establishes the equal rights of citizens. Female college students as a group of women to receive higher education, how their living conditions are related to the harmony of the family, social stability, as the right to employment of economic rights. For female college students, it is the basis of their survival. However, due to various reasons, female college students' employment rights are not equal protection. The phenomenon of being infringed in the process of seeking a job is everywhere. Equal right to employment is a fundamental right in the Constitution. The realization of equal employment rights of female college students is not only conducive to the realization of women's economic rights and the protection of women's dignity, but also to the future of the country and nation. At present, the employment situation of female college students in our country is not optimistic. Although the state has issued more systematic and comprehensive laws and regulations in the aspect of ensuring female employment, but in terms of overall legislation. Women's equal right to employment in our country still has the dilemma of lack of rights and unscientific allocation of rights, which is mainly manifested in: first, the provisions of equal employment rights have more than policy and lack of legalization; Second, the provisions on the right to equal employment are only in form, and there is no substantive content, nor has it established a complete system of equal employment rights. Third, the legal relationship between the equal employment right and the employment autonomy is unclear, which leads to the reduction of the enterprise employment autonomy to a tool that infringes on the equal employment right; In 4th, the legislation lacks effective regulation on the recruitment behavior of employers. Due to the lack of legislation, female college students often suffer from gender discrimination in the process of employment, and the quality of employment is lower than that of boys. And more and more female college students because of employment difficulties to continue to study, delayed employment pressure. The analysis of the causes of female college students' right to equal employment is helpful for us to find the relevant countermeasures from the system. There are four main reasons for the loss of equal employment right: first, the reasons of female college students' own condition and environment; Second, the relevant laws and regulations and the reasons of the government; Third, the influence of the continuation of traditional backward ideology and culture; Fourth, the artificial factors of employment requirements under the market economy environment. The protection of legal rights can not be separated from the perfection of the national legal system. The implementation of the equal employment right of female college students needs to start from the perspectives of concept, culture, law, policy and so on. Only the full use of legal means, including the adoption of self-awareness education, re-positioning; Establishing the relevant legal system of employment security; Innovating the employment security mechanism, encouraging and punishing the measures and optimizing the legal remedies and other measures to ensure the realization of equal employment rights of female college students.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.5

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