中国宪法对公民劳动权的保护

发布时间：2018-03-23 03:30

本文选题：劳动权　切入点：宪法保护　出处：《中国政法大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 法治社会的推进、公民权利意识的加强使得宪法规定的公民基本权利逐渐进入人们的视野;就业形势的严峻、就业中存在的种种问题使得宪法层面上公民劳动权的落实备受关注。宪法作为国家的根本法,劳动权作为公民得以生存的保障、作为公民其他一切权利赖以实现的基础,宪法意义上的劳动权或曰工作权不同于劳动法意义上劳动者的权利。宪法意义上的劳动权不能仅停留在文本层面。宪法文本中的公民劳动权在司法实践中的审判适用不仅能真正体现宪法的最高效力,同时也是公民劳动权得以实现的最有力的途径。本文从对公民劳动权保护的角度来分析中华人民共和国宪法对公民劳动权的保护模式,进而通过司法实践中适用宪法保护公民劳动权的实际案例论证建立宪法审判适用制度以切实保护公民劳动权的理论构想。全文分为四个部分。第一部分是对宪法意义上劳动权的界定。首先阐明了劳动权从根本上说是公民的一项基本人权,而且是其中最基本的权利,它与公民的生存休戚相关。然后分析了公民劳动权的传统立宪解释及其在现行体制下的弊端,进而提出宪法意义上公民劳动权的重新解读,着重指出在社会主义市场经济条件下,宪法层面的劳动权如何界定。第二部分介绍了中国宪法对公民劳动权的保护模式。通过比较建国以来我国四部宪法对公民劳动权的规定,笔者发现,我国宪法对公民劳动权的保护呈现两种模式:一种是权利模式,一种是权利——义务模式。前者以54年、75年、78年宪法为例,后者以82年宪法为例。对这两种保护模式,笔者用了大量篇幅进行分析,在此基础上指出了后一种模式的不当之处,指出宪法不应规定公民的劳动义务。宪法规定公民的劳动义务却又只能让这种义务停留在道德层面,这不仅否定了宪法是“法”的属性,而且与立宪的精神相违背。第三部分通过列举司法实践中发生的适用宪法保护公民劳动权的案例来对中国宪法对公民劳动权的保护进行实证分析。文中所举案例大致分两类,一类是已为最高人民法院所认可的生效的案件,另一
[Abstract]:With the advancement of the society of rule of law and the strengthening of the consciousness of civil rights, the basic rights of citizens stipulated by the Constitution gradually enter the people's vision, and the employment situation is severe, The problems existing in employment make the realization of citizens' right to work in the constitutional level pay close attention. As the fundamental law of the country, the right to work is the guarantee for citizens to survive, and the basis for the realization of all other rights of citizens. The labor right in the sense of constitution or the right to work is different from that in the sense of labor law. The labor right in the sense of constitution can not only stay at the level of text. The trial of citizen's right to work in judicial practice in the text of constitution. Application not only truly reflects the supreme force of the Constitution, At the same time, it is also the most powerful way to realize the citizen's right to work. This paper analyzes the protection mode of the citizen's right to work in the Constitution of the people's Republic of China from the angle of protecting the citizen's right to work. Then through the judicial practice of the application of the Constitution to protect citizens' labor rights of the actual case demonstration to establish a constitutional trial applicable system to effectively protect citizens' labor rights. The full text is divided into. Four parts. The first part is the definition of the right to work in the sense of constitution. First of all, it clarifies that the right to work is fundamentally a basic human right of citizens, and is the most basic right among them. It is closely related to the survival of citizens. Then it analyzes the traditional constitutional interpretation of citizens' labor rights and its drawbacks under the current system, and then puts forward a new interpretation of citizens' labor rights in the sense of constitution. Under the condition of socialist market economy, how to define the labor right at the constitutional level is emphatically pointed out. The second part introduces the protection mode of Chinese constitution to the citizen's labor right. By comparing the four constitutions about the citizen's labor right since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the author finds that, There are two modes in the protection of citizen's right to work in our constitution: one is right mode, the other is rights-obligation mode, the former takes 54 years, 75 years and 78 years constitution as an example, the latter takes 82 years constitution as an example. On the basis of the analysis, the author points out the inappropriateness of the latter model, and points out that the Constitution should not stipulate the labor obligation of the citizen, but it can only allow this duty to stay at the moral level. This not only denies that constitution is the attribute of law, but also violates the spirit of constitution. The third part makes an empirical analysis on the protection of citizens' labor rights in China's Constitution by enumerating the cases of applying the Constitution to protect citizens' labor rights in judicial practice. The cases mentioned in this paper are roughly divided into two categories. One is a case that has been approved by the Supreme people's Court, and the other is a case that has been approved by the Supreme people's Court
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D921

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