收入再分配之经济法调节

发布时间：2018-05-06 13:10

本文选题：经济法 + 收入分配　；参考：《中南大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 收入分配通常是指生产领域及非生产领域的各要素所有者按照其要素贡献率对一定时期形成的社会总收入进行分享,它是社会资源和物质利益分配的结果和表现。收入分配的结果与国家的稳定与发展密切相关。对收入分配法律制度的探讨也成为一个重要的历史与现实命题。公平与效率之间的关系问题是收入分配中一个不可回避的永久性话题,合理的收入分配制度必须寻求效率与公平的平衡。长期以来,受权力主导经济的影响,我国调节收入分配的法律制度供给不足,收入分配政策缺乏连贯性,导致居民之间、城乡之间、区域之间、行业之间以及政府、企业和居民三者之间的收入分配不合理,公平与效率之间的关系没有得到妥善处理。收入分配制度是一项系统工程,涉及到政治制度、经济制度、法律制度、伦理规范等诸多方面。法律是利益分配书,是实现收入分配公平最基本、最重要、最有效的保障。运用法律手段可以在不同地区、不同行业、不同主体之间对国民收入进行分配；通过初次分配和再次分配,实现收入分配的公平效率的价值目标。虽然所有的法律都具有分配功能,但由于各部门法的特质不同,其在收入分配中所起作用也存在差异。初次分配主要是以民商法为主,而对收入分配的再调节则主要由经济法承担。民商法主导下的初次分配关注效率,对于初次分配所导致的不公平,民商法却无能为力,只能借助经济法等再分配法来调节。经济法具有再分配功能,为收入再次分配提供了制度保障,成为收入再分配的法律制度之源。经济法在进行收入再分配时,坚持公平效率统一、利益分配均衡、维护社会整体利益和控制市场失灵与政府失灵原则。通过再次分配,经济法对收入分配进行进一步调节,有助于实现社会经济总体公平和社会经济总体效率目标。经济法的各组成部分,包括市场规制法、国家投资经营法、宏观调控法及其亚部门法,如反垄断法、财政法、税收法、国有企业法、产业政策法等,均具有再分配功能。抑制垄断行业的垄断利润主要依靠反垄断法,协调城乡之间、区域之间和居民之间的收入差距主要依靠财政法和税收法,扶持落后地区、促进区域经济的协调发展主要依靠国家投资经营法。它们都能对民商法的初次分配进行再调节,以实现收入分配合理化。与同属再分配法的其它法律相比较,经济法与社会保障法、行政法、劳动法等在再分配的主体、方式、目的和原则等方面存在较大差异。上述法律的再分配立足于改善基本的生活条件,侧重对弱势群体保护,以维护社会的稳定；而经济法的再分配立足于公平与效率的平衡,以实现社会经济的协调、稳定与发展。经济法有效发挥再分配功能的重要前提是科学合理的经济法法律制度设计。由于我国法治建设较西方发达国家起步较晚,现有的经济法法律制度还存在诸多缺陷,难以对收入再分配实行最佳调节。因此,必须立足于我国社会经济实际,充分借鉴西方国家经验,不断完善我国经济法法律制度。首先,必须重新审视反垄断法,进一步加强对行政性垄断和国有企业垄断的规制,完善我国的反垄断法实施机制。第二,尽快完善宏观调控立法,强化国家财政预算法律制度,实现财政转移支付法律化,以缩小区域发展差距；充分利用税法的杠杆作用,调节起点公平和结果公平；强化政府采购法的宏观调控功能,最大限度地促进中小企业发展；促进区域立法,实现全国经济协调发展。第三,完善国有企业立法,加快国有企业调整和国有资本重组步伐,强化国有资本调节经济功能,引导民间资本合理流动,缩小地区发展差距。通过上述途径,完善我国的经济法制度,充分发挥经济法应有的再分配功能,有效推进我国收入分配制度改革进程。
[Abstract]:Income distribution usually refers to the sharing of the total social income formed in a certain period of time in the production and non production areas. It is the result and performance of the distribution of social resources and material interests. The result of income distribution is closely related to the stability and development of the country. The legal system of income distribution is the legal system of income distribution. It has also become an important historical and realistic proposition.
The relationship between fairness and efficiency is an unavoidable permanent topic in the distribution of income. The reasonable income distribution system must seek a balance between efficiency and fairness. For a long time, the legal system of regulating income distribution is not sufficient and the income distribution policy is not coherent. Between urban and rural areas, between regions, between industries, and between the government, enterprises and residents, the income distribution is not reasonable, and the relationship between fairness and efficiency has not been properly dealt with.
Income distribution system is a systematic project, involving political system, economic system, legal system, ethical norms and many other aspects. The law is the book of interest distribution, which is the most basic, most important and most effective guarantee for the realization of income distribution fairness. The use of legal means can be carried out in different areas, different industries, and between different subjects. Distribution; through the initial distribution and redistribution, we achieve the goal of fairness and efficiency in income distribution.
Although all the laws have the function of distribution, there are differences in the income distribution because of the different characteristics of the various departments law. The primary distribution is mainly based on the civil and commercial law, and the re regulation of the income distribution is mainly undertaken by the economic law. The initial distribution of attention efficiency under the civil and commercial law is guided by the civil and commercial law, and the initial distribution is guided by the civil and commercial law. The civil and commercial law can not help it, but it can only be adjusted by the redistribution law such as economic law. The economic law has the redistribution function, provides the system guarantee for the redistribution of income, and becomes the source of the legal system of the redistribution of income. The overall interests and the control of market failure and the principle of government failure. Through the redistribution of economic law, the further adjustment of income distribution will help to achieve the overall social and economic fairness and the overall efficiency of social and economic efficiency.
All the components of the economic law, including market regulation law, national investment and management law, macro regulation and subsector law, such as antitrust law, financial law, tax law, state enterprise law and industrial policy law, all have redistribution functions. The monopoly profits of monopoly industries are mainly relied on antitrust law, coordination between urban and rural areas, regions and residence. The income gap between the people depends mainly on the financial law and the tax law to support the backward areas, and to promote the coordinated development of the regional economy mainly by the state investment and operation law. They all can reregulate the initial distribution of the civil and commercial law so as to realize the rationalization of the income distribution. There are great differences in the subject, the way, the purpose and the principle of the redistribution. The redistribution of the above laws is based on improving the basic living conditions, focusing on the protection of the disadvantaged groups, in order to maintain social stability, and the redistribution of the economic law is based on the balance of fairness and efficiency in order to realize the social economy. Coordination, stability and development.
The important premise of the effective redistribution function of the economic law is the scientific and reasonable economic law system design. Since the construction of the rule of law is relatively late in the western developed countries, the existing legal system of economic law still has many defects, and it is difficult to adjust the redistribution of income. Therefore, it must be based on the social and economic reality of our country. We should fully learn from the experience of the western countries and improve the legal system of economic law in China. First, we must reexamine the antitrust law, further strengthen the regulation of the monopoly of administrative and state-owned enterprises, and improve the implementation mechanism of our country's Antimonopoly Law. Second, improve the macro regulation and control legislation as soon as possible, strengthen the legal system of the national financial budget, and realize the wealth. The government transfer payment is legal to reduce the regional development gap, make full use of the leverage of the tax law, regulate the equity of the starting point and the fairness of the result, strengthen the macro regulation function of the government procurement law, promote the development of the small and medium enterprises to the maximum extent, promote the regional legislation and realize the coordinated development of the national economy. Third, perfect the legislation of the state-owned enterprises and accelerate the development of the national economy. The adjustment of state-owned enterprises and the restructuring of state-owned capital, strengthening the economic function of state-owned capital, guiding the rational flow of private capital and narrowing the gap of regional development. Through the above ways, we should improve the economic law system in our country, give full play to the redistribution function of economic law, and effectively promote the reform process of the income distribution system in China.

【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.29

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