集体合同主体问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 07:38

本文选题：集体合同主体 + 工会　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：集体合同制度是西方解决劳资矛盾、化解产业冲突的劳动关系工具箱中最为主要和直接的工具之一。工会代表劳动者与雇主或雇主组织签订集体合同是市场经济国家调整劳动关系的主要手段，它在调节劳动者与雇主之间内在的不平衡，改变劳动者的弱势地位，促进职工民主参与的实现，建设和谐稳定的劳动关系等方面起着非常重要的作用。在许多国家，集体合同在维护劳动者的权益方面经常发挥着比个人劳动合同更加重要的作用。我国自1994年《中华人民共和国劳动法》标志建立平等协商和集体合同制度以来，至今已经二十个年头。以2010年本田罢工事件为标志，我国劳动关系调整的重点正从个别劳动关系转向集体劳动关系。考察我国集体合同制度的实施状况，一方面，每年我国签订集体合同的数量超过百万，但是因为签订或履行集体合同而引发的争议却极为罕见；另一方面，近年来以罢工为表现形式的群体性争议层出不穷，却没有一件与集体合同的签订或履行有关。同时，在大多群体性事件中，都是劳动者自发组织的，工会完全没有发挥作用，有的工会甚至帮助企业说服职工妥协、复工。这些现象都是与集体合同制度的设计初衷背道而驰的。集体合同制度的顺利发展，首先要解决的是集体合同主体相关问题。实践中存在种种问题，与集体合同主体相关理论存在争议有着密切的关系。本文将对集体合同主体的相关问题进行研究。在文章第一部分，笔者主要对相关概念进行了辨析。在文章第二部分，通过分析集体合同劳动者一方当事人的理论争鸣，确定我国集体合同当事人是工会，进而分析工会与劳动者之间的关系。厘清集体合同制度中的当事人问题，可以促使用人单位和工会认识到自己在集体合同中的法律地位，积极行使集体合同当事人的权利义务，使集体合同制度发挥切实的作用。文章的第三部分主要研究的是当事人在集体合同中的缔约能力和缔约权限。在工会的缔约能力方面，主要介绍集体合同制度较发达国家对工会法律资格、工会代表权的取得和行使。在工会的缔约权限方面，主要介绍在其他国家和地区工会可以与雇主协商何种议题。在雇主方面，主要介绍了西方国家的雇主组织和行业集体合同的签订。最后，在吸收并借鉴西方国家集体合同制度相关立法经验的基础上，本文最后一部分对完善我国集体合同主体制度进行了一些思考。一方面，工会自身应当正确定位、明确职能，保持独立性，维护职工权益。在集体合同签订过程中加强工会对劳动者的代表性。另一方面，从外部除了明确工会的集体合同当事人地位外，还应当立法规定工会的法律责任，赋予工会罢工权和和平义务，以保障工会代表权的行使。同时，我国应大力推进业性、区域性集体合同制度的发展。
[Abstract]:Collective contract system is one of the most important and direct tools in labor relations toolbox to resolve labor conflicts and industrial conflicts in the West. The signing of collective contracts between labor unions on behalf of workers and employers or employers' organizations is the main means of adjusting labor relations in market economy countries. It regulates the inherent imbalance between workers and employers and changes the weak position of workers. Promoting the realization of workers' democratic participation and building harmonious and stable labor relations play a very important role. In many countries, collective contracts often play a more important role than individual labor contracts in safeguarding workers' rights and interests. China's Labor Law of the people's Republic of China in 1994 marked the establishment of equal consultation and collective contract system, so far has been 20 years. With the Honda strike in 2010 as the symbol, the emphasis of the adjustment of labor relations in China is changing from individual labor relations to collective labor relations. To investigate the implementation of the collective contract system in China, on the one hand, the number of collective contracts signed each year in China exceeds one million, but disputes arising from the signing or performance of collective contracts are extremely rare; on the other hand, In recent years, there are endless group disputes in the form of strike, but none of them is related to the signing or performing of collective contract. At the same time, in most mass incidents, workers spontaneously organize, trade unions have no effect at all, some trade unions even help enterprises persuade workers to compromise and resume work. These phenomena are contrary to the design intention of collective contract system. With the smooth development of the collective contract system, the first thing to be solved is the related problems of the collective contract subject. There are various problems in practice, which are closely related to the theory of collective contract. This article will carry on the research to the collective contract main body related question. In the first part of the article, the author mainly analyzes the related concepts. In the second part of the article, by analyzing the theoretical contention of one party to the collective contract, the author determines that the party to the collective contract is a trade union, and then analyzes the relationship between the trade union and the laborer. To clarify the problems of the parties in the collective contract system can promote the employers and trade unions to realize their legal status in the collective contract, to actively exercise the rights and obligations of the parties to the collective contract, and to make the collective contract system play a practical role. The third part mainly studies the contracting ability and competence of the parties in the collective contract. In terms of the contracting ability of the trade union, the paper mainly introduces the legal qualification of the trade union and the obtaining and exercising of the representation of the trade union in the system of collective contract compared with the developed countries. In terms of the contracting rights of trade unions, it mainly introduces the topics that trade unions in other countries and regions can negotiate with employers. In terms of employers, it mainly introduces the signing of employers' organizations and industry collective contracts in western countries. Finally, on the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from the relevant legislative experience of the collective contract system in western countries, the last part of this paper makes some reflections on the improvement of the subject system of collective contract in our country. On the one hand, trade unions themselves should be correctly positioned, clear functions, maintain independence, and safeguard the rights and interests of workers. In the collective contract signing process to strengthen the trade union to the laborer's representativeness. On the other hand, in addition to clarifying the party status of the collective contract of the trade union from the outside, we should also legislate the legal responsibility of the trade union, endow the trade union with the right to strike and the duty of peace, so as to guarantee the exercise of the trade union's representation. At the same time, our country should vigorously promote the development of regional collective contract system.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.5

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