论我国劳动者休息权的法律保障

发布时间：2018-06-14 14:11

本文选题：休息权 + 工作时间制度　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：休息权,是一种休息的权利,它是劳动者继续劳动和享有其他权利的重要条件,具有生存权和发展权的双重属性。学界对于休息权的理解在本质上是一致的：它是劳动者享有的一项法定权利,主体通常是劳动者；针对劳动者在职业活动中的脑力和体力消耗,与劳动过程紧密结合,但又不以此为根据,而是较为宽泛的劳动过程；作为一项法定权利,其基本目的是保障劳动者享有恢复体力和脑力的时间。休息权主要包括两方面的内容：对工作时间的限制和对休息时间的保障,劳动者是这项权利的享有者,用人单位是保障劳动者休息权实现的义务人。休息权,诞生于资本主义时期,在工人运动的推动下从无到有,是在具备了思想、经济、社会等多方面因素的基础上,伴随着工作时间立法和休息时间的立法而最终确立,其保障水平也随着社会、经济的发展和法制的健全日益提高。休息权的价值包括内在价值和工具性价值,其内在价值表现为：它体现了人的基本生存需要,是实现个人人身自由的需要,劳动者可以追求个人发展,实现人生目的。休息权的工具性价值,是指它可以创造经济效益、社会效益,实现人类追求的自由、社会正义、秩序、平等、公平等价值。现阶段,国际条约和各国立法通过对工作时间制度的规定和休息休假制度的规定,不断加强对劳动者休息权的保护。我国通过对标准工作时间、缩短工作时间、综合计算工作时间、不定时工作时间、延长工作时间的详细规定,形成了较为完整的工作时间制度体系,同时通过周休日、法定节假日、年休假、探亲假、婚丧假、产假等假期的规定,与工作时间的限制紧密衔接,两种制度的相互配合为劳动者休息权的实现提供了有效的保障。现阶段,在我国超法定标准加班情况严重,劳动者休息权实现相当不平衡,超负荷劳动严重损害劳动者身体健康的同时,也影响了社会的发展和稳定。造成这种状况的原因是多方面的,有社会经济的影响,劳动关系主体双方自身的原因,工会方面的原因,还有文化和国家、政府方面的原因。此外,我国休息权的法律保障制度仍然存在诸多问题：第一,法律法规不完善：工作时间制度、休息休假制度均有待完善,法律缺少对侵犯休息权责任的规定。第二,监督不力,劳动监察部门、工会的应有作用没有发挥。第三,争议解决机制不灵。第四,法制宣传不足。休息权保障的完善应从以下方面进行：第一,工作时间制度的立法完善,包括：明确界定工作时间的时间范围,完善标准工作时间制度、延长工作时间制度、不定时工时制和综合计算工时制,将“过劳死”纳入法律进行规制。第二,休息休假制度的立法完善,包括：劳动者自愿放弃休假问题,年休假的安排问题,劳动者对年休假的安排问题等。第三,休息权救济制度的立法完善,包括：救济机构的设置,争议处理中举证责任问题,休息权的法律责任设置。
[Abstract]:The right to rest is a right to rest. It is an important condition for the workers to continue to work and enjoy other rights. It has the dual attributes of the right to existence and the right to development. The understanding of the right to rest is in essence the same: it is a legal right enjoyed by the labourers, the owners are usually labourers, and the workers are in professional activities. Mental and physical consumption in the process of working closely with the labor process, but not based on it, but rather a broader process of labor; as a legal right, its basic purpose is to guarantee the time for the workers to recover their physical and mental abilities. The right to rest consists mainly of two aspects: the limit of working time and the time for rest. Workers are the recipients of this right, and employers are the obligors who guarantee the workers' right to rest.
The right to rest, born in the period of capitalism, was driven from nothing to the workers' movement. It was established on the basis of many factors such as thought, economy and society. It was finally established with the legislation of working time and the time of rest. The level of its guarantee was also improved with the development of the society, the economic development and the legal system.
The value of the right to rest includes the intrinsic value and the instrumental value. Its intrinsic value is as follows: it embodies the basic needs of human existence, the need to realize personal freedom, and the worker can pursue personal development and achieve the purpose of life. The instrumental value of the right to rest is that it can create economic, social and human pursuit. The value of freedom, social justice, order, equality, equality, and so on. At the present stage, international treaties and national legislation constantly strengthen the protection of workers' right to rest through the provisions of the working time system and the regulations of the rest and vacation system.
Our country has formed a more complete working time system through the standard working time, short working time, irregular work time, irregular working time and lengthening working time, and the regulations on holidays such as week rest day, legal holiday, annual vacation, visit leave, marriage and funeral leave, maternity leave and so on, and the limit of working time. The close coordination between the two systems provides effective guarantee for the realization of workers' right to rest.
At the present stage, the overtime situation in our country is very serious, the workers' rest right is quite unbalanced. While the overload is seriously damaging the health of the workers, it also affects the development and stability of the society. The cause of this situation is many aspects, the influence of the social economy, the reasons for the two sides of the labor relations, and the work of the workers. In addition, there are also cultural, national and government reasons. In addition, there are still many problems in the legal guarantee system of the right to rest in our country: first, the laws and regulations are not perfect: the working time system, the rest and vacation system need to be perfected, the law is short of the provisions on the liability for the infringement of the rest right. Second, the supervision is poor, the labor supervision department is inadequate. The trade unions should not play their proper role. Third, the dispute settlement mechanism is not effective. Fourth, the legal publicity is inadequate.
The improvement of the protection of the right to rest should be carried out from the following aspects: first, the legislative perfection of the working time system, including: defining the time range of the working time, perfecting the standard working time system, extending the working time system, the timed work time system and the comprehensive calculation of the working time system, and bringing "overwork to death" into the law. Second, rest rest The legislative perfection of the false system includes: workers voluntarily give up the problem of vacation, the arrangement of annual vacations, the arrangement of the annual vacation, and so on. Third, the legislative perfection of the remedies for the right to rest includes the setting of relief agencies, the issue of burden of proof in the dispute handling, and the setting of legal responsibility for the right to rest.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.5

【参考文献】