“过劳死”的法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 01:30

本文选题：过劳死 + 用人单位　；参考：《贵州大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： “过劳死”事件频繁见诸报端,而有关“过劳死”的法律规制却鲜见系统论述,立法上也是空白。有鉴于此,本文从关涉“过劳死”的两个案例入手,着重分析了“过劳死”肆虐的法律原因,并较为详细地论述了“过劳死”的法律性质,提出了自己的见解,进而系统地阐述了“过劳死”制度化规制的原则和法律措施。所谓“过劳死”,是指基于劳动用工引发的,用人单位强令劳动者超出正常的劳动时间、劳动强度,导致劳动者得不到必要的休息而积劳成疾最终死亡的情形。 “过劳死”实质上是一个复杂的社会性问题,有着盘根错节的缘由。其中法律方面的原因有立法上的空白,《劳动法》本身的缺陷,劳动者的维权程序难以启动,司法实践中证明责任的分配和现有法律程序的设置不合理等等。其他方面的重要原因还有用人单位的劳动休息制度不合理,政府监管的缺位,与“过劳死”相关的社会保障制度的缺失等。关于“过劳死”的性质曾有学者主张职业病说,非职业病说,工伤说,侵权说等。其意思对应分别为“过劳死”属于职业病,不属于职业病,属于工伤,因侵权行为所致等。笔者主张“过劳死”为工伤与侵权、行政与刑事责任的聚合说,并且可以请求精神损害赔偿。因为“过劳死”同时具有工伤、侵权的性质,且可同时追究用人单位的民事赔偿和侵权责任、行政责任、刑事责任。从法律制度上规制“过劳死”首先应当确立有利于保护劳动者原则和公平原则。其次,对现有法律条款进行部分修改或补充:在《劳动法》中补充规定“过劳死”的构成要件,扩大《劳动法》调整对象的范围,建立合理的劳动定额制度:在《工伤保险条例》中补充规定“过劳死”一项及其认定程序,并强制实施工伤保险:在《工会法》中明确授予工会劳动执法权,切实发挥工会的作用:调整《劳动保障监察条例》中对违反法律延长工作时间的用人单位的罚款标准:修改《民事诉讼法》中有关证明责任分配的规定,在对劳动者特别是农民工与用人单位之间事实劳动关系的认定上开绿灯。再次,完备各项责任内容。最后,设立专门的劳动卫生与健康监督管理机构。在司法实践中,可将“过劳死”案件纳入司法援助的范围,并可对“过劳死”者的丧葬费、受害者生前抚养或赡养的人的生活补助费可先予执行,以切实保护劳动者的合法权益。此外,国家应投资人才健康,实施人才健康监管措施,进一步完善社会保障制度,以达减少并最终杜绝“过劳死”现象的目的。
[Abstract]:The event of "overwork death" is frequently reported in the newspaper, but the legal regulation of "overwork death" is seldom discussed systematically, and the legislation is blank. In view of this, this article starts with two cases concerning "overwork death", analyzes emphatically the legal reasons of "overwork death", and discusses in detail the legal nature of "overwork death", and puts forward its own opinion. Furthermore, the principles and legal measures of systematized regulation of "overwork death" are expounded systematically. The so-called "overwork death" refers to the situation that the employer forces the laborer to exceed the normal working time and labor intensity, resulting in the workers not getting the necessary rest and eventually dying. Overwork death is in essence a complicated social problem, which has the reason of interlocking. The legal reasons include the blank of legislation, the defects of Labor Law itself, the difficulty to start the procedure of protecting the rights of the laborer, the distribution of the burden of proof and the unreasonable setting of the existing legal procedure in the judicial practice, and so on. Other important reasons include unreasonable labor rest system, absence of government supervision, lack of social security system related to "overwork death" and so on. About the nature of "overwork death", some scholars have advocated occupational disease theory, non-occupational disease theory, industrial injury theory, tort theory and so on. Its meaning corresponds to "overwork death" belongs to occupational disease, does not belong to occupational disease, belongs to industrial injury, and so on. The author claims that "overwork death" is a combination of industrial injury and tort, administrative and criminal liability, and can request compensation for moral damage. Because "overwork death" also has the nature of work injury and tort, and can be investigated for the employer's civil compensation and tort liability, administrative liability, criminal liability at the same time. In order to regulate "overwork death" from the legal system, we should first establish the principle of protection of laborers and the principle of fairness. Secondly, some amendments or additions are made to the existing legal provisions: in the "Labor Law", the constituent elements of "overworked death" are added, and the scope of the adjustment objects of the "Labor Law" is expanded. To establish a reasonable labor quota system: to add to the regulations on Industrial injury Insurance "overwork death" and its identification procedures, and to enforce industrial injury insurance: in the Trade Union Law, trade unions are explicitly granted the right to enforce labor law, To give full play to the role of trade unions: to adjust the fine standards for employers who violate the law to extend their working hours in the regulations on Labor Security Supervision; and to amend the provisions of the Civil procedure Law concerning the distribution of the burden of proof, In the workers, especially migrant workers and employers between the identification of the actual labor relationship green light. Third, complete the content of each responsibility. Finally, the establishment of a special labor health and health supervision and management agencies. In judicial practice, the case of "overworked death" may be included in the scope of judicial assistance, and the funeral expenses of the "overworked" person and the living allowance of the person who was raised or supported by the victim before his death may be executed first. To effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers. In addition, the state should invest in the health of talents, carry out the measures of supervising the health of talents, and further improve the social security system in order to reduce and finally eliminate the phenomenon of "overwork death".
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.5

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