我国俱乐部与职业运动员法律关系的困境与出路——以从属性理论为视角

发布时间：2018-06-29 18:42

本文选题：职业运动员 + 俱乐部　；参考：《天津体育学院学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：长期以来对职业运动员劳动者身份的争议,实际是俱乐部留人体制与我国《劳动法》存在冲突,并缺乏相应的利益补偿机制所致。在"资强劳弱"的思维模式下,我国判断劳动关系采用的从属性理论仅包含"是否"一重,只存在不保护和全保护2种选择,并不考虑劳资双方实际力量的对比。然而,从属性并不是僵化的判断标准,而是一直在随着社会变化而发展。既要实现扩大劳动保护范围又要避免不公平,就必须对劳资双方实际力量的变化给予回应,德国法上"类雇员"只享受有限劳动法保护等制度安排正是基于劳资利益均衡的考虑。优秀职业运动员的不可替代性降低了其人格依附的必要性,可能出现只存在经济从属性而无人格从属性等情况。当一个俱乐部想从其他俱乐部获得优秀职业运动员时,实际就是想获得这种不可替代性,并占有其他俱乐部的前期投入。我国劳动法对职业竞技体育中劳资双方的力量变化和诉求缺乏回应,导致利益安排失衡,劳资谈判体系的孱弱、资本的介入和强势的行政机构则进一步加剧了冲突。应当将《劳动法》与《体育法》相结合,构建包含"是否"和"强弱"相结合的从属性理论双重判定模式,以保证体育市场的公正性,实现人才的有序流动和劳资共赢。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the dispute about the status of professional athlete laborer is actually caused by the conflict between the club retention system and the labor law of our country, and the lack of corresponding benefit compensation mechanism. Under the mode of thinking of "strong capital, strong labor and weak labor", the theory of subordinate attribute used in the judgment of labor relations in our country only contains "whether or not", and there are only two choices, no protection and full protection, without considering the comparison between the actual strength of labor and management. However, attributes are not rigid criteria, but have been evolving with social changes. In order to expand the scope of labor protection and avoid unfairness, we must respond to changes in the actual strength of both employers and employees. In German law, "employees" only enjoy limited labor law protection and other institutional arrangements are based on the balance of labor interests. The irreplaceable nature of excellent professional athletes reduces the necessity of their personality dependence, and there may be only economic attributes and no personality attributes. When one club wants to obtain excellent professional athletes from other clubs, it actually wants to obtain this irreplaceable and take up the early investment of other clubs. The labor law of our country is lack of response to the changes and demands of labor and management in professional competitive sports, which leads to the imbalance of benefit arrangement, the weakness of labor bargaining system, the intervention of capital and the strong administrative organization, which further aggravate the conflict. The labor law should be combined with the sports law to construct the dual judging mode of attribute theory including "whether" and "strong or weak" in order to ensure the fairness of the sports market and realize the orderly flow of talents and the win-win situation of labor and management.
【作者单位】：重庆大学法学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费项目(项目编号:NO.106112016CDJSK08XK21)
【分类号】：G80-05

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