工伤赔偿与第三方侵权赔偿竞合问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 14:05

【摘要】：劳动者因用人单位以外第三方的侵权行为引发工伤事故,是一种特殊类型的工伤事故,受劳动法和民法两大法律关系的调整,因此受伤害劳动者可以申请工伤赔偿,也可以要求侵权损害赔偿,当两种请求权竞合时,如何处理这两种关系的赔偿责任,目前,我国的法律法规没有明确规定,正是因为法律法规没有明确规定,导致各地方的规定大相径庭,各地方根据各自的经济发展形式、承继各自区域中的做法,制定适合各自区域的地方性规定,于是司法实践中同案不同判的情况时有发生,严重损害了司法的统一性、权威性,影响了社会的公平正义。本文从笔者实践中遇到的案例入手,结合其他地方具有代表性的判决,通过分析比较并借鉴世界各国家具有代表性的处理模式,结合我国目前立法及司法现状,而且考虑到目前,我国工伤保险赔偿数额偏低的实际情况,提出了适合我国国情的补充赔偿模式,这种模式与其他国家的补充赔偿模式不完全相同,进行了改良,侵权赔偿与工伤赔偿中所独有的赔偿项目不能抵扣,可以兼得。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分是通过对典型案例评析从而引出问题。本文通过三个性质相同,裁判结果却迥然不同的案例着手,提出问题,即第三方侵权引发工伤保险事故时,两种请求权竞合,如何承担责任,提出问题,引发思考。第二部分是分析比较目前国内外第三方侵权引发工伤事故时不同的处理模式,先梳理了国内实践中主要的三种赔偿模式：双赔模式、总额补差模式、项目补差；然后比较分析了境外主要的四种赔偿模式：替代赔偿模式、选择赔偿模式、补充赔偿模式、兼得赔偿模式,并逐一分析了各个赔偿模式的优缺点,为提出适合我国国情的补充赔偿模式作基础。第三部分分析我国现行法律框架下,第三方侵权赔偿与工伤赔偿竞合时的立法现状,从国家层面及地方层面分别解读,国家层面的立法没有明确规定,而且涉及这个问题时用语不明,致使各地方规定百花齐放,各不相同,赔偿模式不一致；并对我国现行的立法状况不足情况进行了分析,主要有三个方面,分别是赔偿模式不明确、赔偿项目不统一、缺乏追偿权制度,为后文提出适用改良的补充赔偿模式提供理论支持。第四部分明确提出第三方侵权同时引发工伤,工伤赔偿与第三方侵权损害赔偿竞合,应当适用补充赔偿模式,结合我国的基本国情,应当对补充赔偿模式进行改良,建立和改良的补充赔偿模式相适应的法律体系；分析了适用改良补充赔偿模式的原因,符合工伤事故的双重属性,符合侵权责任法的制裁和预防功能,符合社会公平,符合我国国情；同时明确两种赔偿关系中各赔偿项目的关系,统一赔偿项目；提出建立追偿制度,以维护社会的公平、保证工伤保险基金的充足,从源头上结束同案不同判的尴尬局面,真正实现同命同价,法律面前人人平等。
[Abstract]:The worker is a special type of industrial accident caused by the infringement of a third party other than the employing unit, which is regulated by the two legal relations of labor law and civil law, so the injured laborer can apply for compensation for injury at work. We can also claim compensation for tort damage. How to deal with the liability of these two kinds of relations when the two kinds of claim rights are competing, at present, the laws and regulations of our country have not been clearly stipulated, just because the laws and regulations have not been clearly stipulated. As a result, the provisions of various localities vary greatly. According to their respective forms of economic development and following the practices in their respective regions, various localities formulate local provisions suitable for their respective regions. As a result, different judgments of the same cases occur from time to time in judicial practice. It has seriously damaged the unity and authority of the judiciary and affected the fairness and justice of the society. This paper begins with the cases encountered by the author in practice, combines with the representative judgments in other places, analyzes and compares the representative handling modes of furniture in the world, and combines the current legislative and judicial situation of our country. Moreover, considering the actual situation that the amount of compensation for industrial injury insurance in our country is on the low side at present, a supplementary compensation model suitable for the national conditions of our country is put forward, which is not exactly the same as that of other countries and has been improved. Tort compensation and industrial injury compensation in the unique compensation items can not be deducted, can both. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is through the analysis of typical cases to lead to problems. In this paper, through three cases of the same nature, the adjudication result is very different, put forward the question, that is, when the third party torts causes the industrial injury insurance accident, the two kinds of claim right concurrence, how to assume the responsibility, raise the question, cause the thinking. The second part is to analyze and compare the different treatment modes when the third party torts cause the industrial injury accident at home and abroad, first combing the main three kinds of compensation modes in the domestic practice: the double compensation model, the total compensation difference model, the project compensation difference; Then it compares and analyzes four kinds of compensation modes: alternative compensation model, choice compensation model, supplementary compensation model, and compensation mode, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each compensation model one by one. In order to put forward a supplementary compensation model suitable for China's national conditions as the basis. The third part analyzes the legislation status of the third party tort compensation and industrial injury compensation competing under the current legal framework of our country. It is interpreted separately from the national level and the local level, and the legislation at the national level is not clearly stipulated. And when it comes to this issue, the terms are not clear, resulting in the local provisions of a hundred flowers bloom, different, compensation model is not consistent; It also analyzes the current legislative situation of our country. There are three main aspects: the compensation model is not clear, the compensation project is not uniform, and the system of the right of recourse is lacking. To provide theoretical support for the application of the modified supplementary compensation model. The fourth part clearly points out that the third party tort causes the injury at the same time, the compensation for industrial injury and the third party tort compensation should be applied to the supplementary compensation model, combined with the basic conditions of our country, the supplementary compensation model should be improved. Establishing a legal system adapted to the improved supplementary compensation model; This paper analyzes the reasons for the application of the modified supplementary compensation model, which accords with the dual attributes of industrial accidents, the sanction and prevention functions of tort liability law, social fairness and the national conditions of our country. At the same time, the relationship between each compensation item in the two kinds of compensation relationship is clarified, and the compensation item is unified. In order to maintain social fairness, ensure the adequacy of industrial injury insurance fund, end the awkward situation of different judgments in the same case from the source, realize the same life and equal price, everyone is equal before the law.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.55

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