我国成年人监护制度的法律完善

发布时间：2018-01-18 14:45

本文关键词：我国成年人监护制度的法律完善　出处：《宁波大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今社会发展迅速,人民的生活水平不断提高,伴随而来的是,老年人口数量快速增加,智力障碍者和身体残障者越来越多,就此产生的社会问题层出不穷。我国现行的成年人监护制度并没有有效地保护以上人群的合法权益,已经不能满足社会快速发展的需求。因此,研究我国成年人监护制度的现状问题,根据各国解决类似问题的经验教训,并提出有关解决我国成年人监护的理论与实践体系十分必要。本文使用定性研究法,通过分析我国成年人监护制度的立法现状,总结出我国成年人监护制度的缺陷和不足。同时,在详细解读大陆法系以及英美法系国家在成年人监护制度方面的成功经验之后,根据我国的社会现实和立法状况,提出改革完善符合我国国情的成年人监护制度的法律构想。根据提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路,本文主要从四个部分进行详细阐述。第一部分主要从立法体例、立法内容方面,阐述了我国现行成年人监护制度的立法现状,包括监护人选定范围与顺序、监护职责与任职资格、监护的确认方式、监护的法律责任及其变更等内容。第二部分详细剖析了我国现行成年人监护制度的立法缺陷,首先表现为,立法理念相对滞后,不能满足我国现阶段对成年人监护制度的社会需求;其次,我国成年人监护制度的规定主要体现在《民法通则》及《意见》中,这种立法体例不尽科学,立法内容也不尽完善。第三部分主要考察了法国、德国、日本等大陆法系国家对成年人监护制度的规定,以及英国、美国等英美法系国家有关成年人监护制度的规定,通过比较分析法,多角度分析了两大法系成年监护制度的成功经验以及两者之间的不同与共同之处。第四部分主要根据我国的社会现实以及立法现状,提出了改进我国成年监护制度的想法与建议。从立法理念上吸收维护被监护人生活正常化和尊重自我决定权的科学理念;坚持财产管理与人身照顾并举;同时在成年人监护社会化、公法化等方面确立现代成年人监护制度立法原则。在立法体例方面,借鉴国外的经验,将成年人监护制度的纳入亲属法涉及的范畴。最后,通过以下几个方面完善我国成年监护制度具体法律法规的内容。将老年人群体以及其他需要法律保护的成年人群体纳入成年被监护对象范畴,拓宽我国成年人监护制度的适用范围;除了法定监护、指定监护之外,引入意定监护制度,充分尊重被监护对象的自主权;根据行为能力的不同设置不同层次的监护方式;加强对监护人的监督,完善监护监督机制;同时,法律条文应当明确规定监护人的权利及职责。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the number of the elderly population is increasing rapidly, and the number of the mentally handicapped and the physically handicapped is increasing. The current adult guardianship system in our country has not effectively protected the legitimate rights and interests of the above groups and has not been able to meet the needs of rapid social development. It is necessary to study the current situation of the adult guardianship system in China, according to the experiences and lessons of solving similar problems in various countries, and to put forward the theoretical and practical system of solving the adult guardianship system in China. By analyzing the current legislative situation of the adult guardianship system in China, the defects and shortcomings of the adult guardianship system in China are summarized. After the detailed interpretation of the civil law system and the common law system countries in the adult guardianship system of successful experience, according to our social reality and legislative status. This paper puts forward the legal conception of reforming and perfecting the adult guardianship system in accordance with the national conditions of our country. This article mainly from four parts to elaborate in detail. The first part mainly from the legislative style, legislative content, elaborated our country current adult guardianship system legislation present situation, including guardian selection scope and order. The duty and qualification of guardianship, the confirmation of guardianship, the legal responsibility of guardianship and its changes, etc. The second part analyzes the legislative defects of the current adult guardianship system in China in detail, first of all. The concept of legislation is relatively lagging behind, which can not meet the social needs of adult guardianship system in our country at the present stage; Secondly, the provisions of the adult guardianship system in China are mainly reflected in the General principles of Civil Law and opinions. This legislative style is not scientific and the content of legislation is not perfect. The third part mainly examines France and Germany. The provisions of adult guardianship system in Japan and other civil law countries, as well as the provisions of adult guardianship system in Britain, the United States and other common law countries, are analyzed through comparative analysis. This paper analyzes the successful experience of the two legal systems and their differences and common points. Part 4th is mainly based on the social reality and the current legislative situation of our country. The author puts forward some ideas and suggestions to improve the adult guardianship system in our country, and absorbs the scientific idea of maintaining the normalization of the life of the ward and respecting the right of self-decision from the viewpoint of legislation. Adhere to the property management and personal care at the same time; At the same time in the adult guardianship socialization, public law and other aspects of the establishment of modern adult guardianship system legislative principles, in the legislative style, learn from foreign experience. Include the adult guardianship system in the scope of the kinship law. Finally. Through the following aspects to improve the content of the specific laws and regulations of the adult guardianship system in China. The elderly and other groups of adults in need of legal protection are included in the category of adult guardianship objects. Widening the scope of application of adult guardianship system in China; In addition to statutory guardianship, designated guardianship, the introduction of the system of determined guardianship, full respect for the autonomy of the object under guardianship; According to the different ability of behavior to set up different levels of guardianship; Strengthening the supervision of guardians and perfecting the supervision mechanism of guardianship; At the same time, legal provisions should specify the rights and duties of guardians.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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