两大法系不动产登记制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 11:28

本文关键词： 不动产登记比较　出处：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：英美法源于生活而非逻辑,在不动产登记制上亦是如此,本着实用主义哲学和自由主义精神,英美法系国家创造出了丰富多彩的不动产登记形态,以及宛如魔幻天书一般的琐碎的法律文本和规则。政府机关对于私法自治领域的较少干预,使得不动产权利充满不确定性和相对性。而大陆法系国家的制度则完全是将理论学说自上而下地反映于立法,指导于实践,规范、效率和索然无味是其固有特色,确定性的登记薄更是体现了国家管理者强烈的参与感和管理意愿。进入20世纪以来,社会经济活动空前高涨,古老的英美法系不动产权利移转模式显然不能在效率和安全上给参与者带来任何正面的体验,于是它们创造出了托伦斯制度,采纳了物编主义的不动产登记薄,在国家的担保责任方面甚至比大陆法系走得更远。若要说纯正的英美法系登记制度,那么作为英国制度的沿袭者,美国将是一个例子,国家当局无意在不动产的流转方面承担更多的管理责任,随之而来的是民间力量的兴起,产权调查律师,公证人,产权检索公司,甚至是企业编制的不动产登记薄,形成了以产权保险公司为中心的美国特色。因此在英美法系国家中我们看到了一种或者是形式上,或者是功能上的向大陆法系制度的偏转。而大陆法系国家不动产登记制度虽然源于成熟的理论,保持着相对的稳定,但也并非是一成不变,比如在德国,瑞士等,登记机关都放弃了民法典中规定的实质审查,转而采取英美式的形式审查,而将实质审查的任务交由前置机构分担,以获得符合经济发展需要的速度。两大法系之间在这种互相模仿和融和的过程中,特别是美国制和法国制,最终并没有像它们在表面上看来那么荒诞不经,总地来说都实现了不动产的安全转移和持有人的安宁享有。并且两大法系之间亦突破了各自的地方性,在多方面,都达成了某些共识,而这些共存于两大法系间的理念,显然是超越国界和不同制度的,构成不动产制度构建的目标范式。在我国《不动产登记暂行条例》刚刚出台,不动产登记制度的构建远未完成的大环境下,对他域理论的吸收,可谓是一条捷径。
[Abstract]:Anglo-American law originates from life rather than logic, and so is the registration system of real estate. In the spirit of pragmatism and liberalism, Anglo-American law countries have created rich and colorful forms of real estate registration. And trivial legal texts and rules like magic books. Less intervention by government agencies in the field of private law autonomy. Make the real estate rights full of uncertainty and relativity, while the system of civil law countries is completely reflect the theory from top to bottom in legislation, guide in practice, norms. Efficiency and boredom are its inherent characteristics, and the deterministic register reflects the strong sense of participation and management will of national managers. Since 20th century, socio-economic activities have never been higher. It is obvious that the old transfer mode of real estate rights in common law system can not bring any positive experience to the participants in efficiency and safety, so they created Torrance system and adopted the real estate registration book of objectivism. The United States, as a successor to the British system, would be an example of a purely Anglo-American law system that goes even further than the civil law system in terms of State security liability. The national authorities have no intention of assuming more management responsibility in the transfer of real estate, followed by the rise of private forces, property rights investigation lawyers, notaries, property rights retrieval companies. Even the real estate register compiled by the enterprise has formed the American characteristic with the property right insurance company as the center. Therefore we have seen one kind or the form in the common law system countries. Or is the functional system of the civil law system deflection. And the civil law system of real estate registration system although derived from mature theory, to maintain relative stability, but also is not static, such as in Germany. In Switzerland and so on, the registration authorities have abandoned the substantive review stipulated in the Civil Code, and instead adopted the Anglo-American style of examination, and assigned the task of substantive examination to the former institution. At a rate that meets the needs of economic development. In this process of imitation and integration between the two legal systems, especially the American and French systems, they are not ultimately as absurd as they appear to be. In general, both realized the secure transfer of real estate and the peaceful enjoyment of the holder. And the two legal systems also broke through their respective local, in many ways, have reached some common understanding. These concepts, which coexist between the two legal systems, obviously transcend national boundaries and different systems, and constitute the target paradigm for the construction of real estate systems. In our country, the Provisional regulations on Real Estate Registration have just been issued. The establishment of real estate registration system is far from complete, so it is a shortcut to absorb other domain theory.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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