开放政府数据下个人隐私的法律保护问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-08 08:06

  本文关键词： 开放政府数据 个人隐私保护 隐私权　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新一轮信息科技革命与人类社会活动的相互交融,引发了海量数据的收集、分析和利用,大数据的概念应运而生。随着大数据时代的来临,国内外政府的信息化水平不断提升,政府机构在履行行政管理与公共服务的职能中已收集、储存了以指数级别增长的公民数据信息,成为社会数据的主要保有者。如何使得政府数据这一"皇冠上的明珠"更加光彩夺目,成为国内外公共与私人领域的热点研究问题。美国、英国、澳大利亚等政府紧随时代潮流,纷纷加大对政府保有数据的开放程度,以期从丰富的政府信息资源中挖掘潜在的经济及社会价值,释放创新活力,提升国家综合竞争力。我国也开展了政府数据开放工作,从2012年开始,上海、北京等地方政府也先后建立起14个市级以上政府数据开放网站。2015年9月5日,国务院发布了《关于印发促进大数据发展行动纲要》(国发[2015)50号),提出以"建设数据强国,释放数据红利、制度红利和创新红利"为宗旨,在2020年年底前,构建全国统一的政府数据开放平台,在保障民生的重要领域实现公共数据资源向全社会开放。开放政府数据一方面可以保障公民的知情权,提高政府工作效率,促进依法治国,建设透明、公开、阳光的政府。但另一方面,也为政府机关不当公开公民信息,侵犯公民隐私权,商业机构利用开放的个人数据,攫取非法利益埋下了伏笔。个人数据与个体的隐私有着千丝万缕的联系,个人数据既承载着个人人格利益与人格尊严,也蕴含着巨大的商业与公共管理等价值,尤其在政府开放数据后,保护公共数据安全,维护个人隐私则显得尤为必要。如何解决政府开放数据中公民知情权与个人隐私权之间的冲突,保障公民数据信息安全,成为当下政府需要亟待解决的重大的问题。本文共分六章,第一章梳理了司法判例中行政机关在信息公开申请中侵犯公民知情权与隐私权的7起典型案件,分析了开放政府数据下个人隐私保护中存在的问题。第二章对比分析了开放政府数据与政府信息公开的区别,详细介绍了国内外开放数据的现状。第三章阐述了开放政府数据对个人隐私产生的影响,具体分析了大数据时代下隐私权保护的新形式。第四章整理了现阶段我国关于隐私权保护的法律法规,指出我国关于隐私权保护中存在的局限性。第五章介绍美国、欧盟等国家及国际组织在政府数据开放中保护个人隐私的立法及实践经验,总结其对我国个人隐私保护的有益启示。第六章针对我国关于个人隐私权保护中存在的问题,提出了我国在政府开放数据时对保护个人隐私应采取法律措施的建议和意见,最后对文章所阐释的主题进行总结。
[Abstract]:Blend a new round of information technology revolution and the activities of human society, caused a massive data collection, analysis and use of the concept of big data emerged. With the advent of big data era, the informatization level of domestic and foreign government continues to improve, government agencies have been collected in the performance of administrative management and public service functions, storage the citizen data with the exponential growth of information level, become the main social data. How to maintain the government data of the "crown jewel" has become more The brightness dazzles the eyes. public and private, domestic and international hot spot in the field of research. The United States, Britain, Australia and other government followed the trend of the times, have to increase the openness of government to maintain data and in order to excavate the potential economic and social value from the government information resources, the release of creative energy, enhance the comprehensive national strength competition. China has also carried out Open government data, from the beginning of 2012, Shanghai, Beijing and other local governments have established more than 14 municipal government data open website.2015 in September 5th, the State Council issued "on the issuance of the outline of the development of big data Act > (of the [2015) No. 50), proposed the" construction of data power, data release bonus the system of dividend and bonus innovation "for the purpose, before the end of 2020, the construction of the government data open platform of national unity, in important areas to protect the livelihood of the public data resources open to the whole society. Open government data on one hand can protect the citizen's right to know, to improve government efficiency, promote the rule of law, building a transparent, open. The government in the sunshine. But on the other hand, also for the government improper public citizen information, infringement of citizens' privacy, commercial use of personal data open, seize the illegal benefit foreshadowed. 涓�浜烘暟鎹�涓庝釜浣撶殑闅愮�佹湁鐫�鍗冧笣涓囩紩鐨勮仈绯，

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