侵权法中可预见性规则研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 02:48

本文关键词： 可预见性规则侵权法过失侵权因果关系　出处：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：可预见性规则作为侵权法中判定因果关系所适用的一项重要规则,其在过失侵权领域发挥着重要作用。该规则以“理性人”为客观标准,判断行为人是否承担过失侵权责任,即侵权人只对其行为时作为一个“理性人”能够合理预见的损害结果承担责任。可预见性规则将公序良俗、社会正义以及法律政策融为一体,以社会一般人所持经验为出发点,判定行为人其行为与损害后果是否存在法律上的因果关系,最终确定行为人责任及其范围。该规则在实践中能够对侵权人责任以及受害人损失予以很好平衡,这对于推进社会公平、司法公正有着积极意义。本文采用比较法学的分析方法,首先对相关理论与现实案例予以全面分析,阐述了可预见性规则于大陆法系侵权因果关系理论中的间接适用,以及此项规则于英美侵权法立法与实践中的具体适用,探讨可预见性规则的适用范围、适用限制及其于司法实践中的利与弊。其次,以我国目前应用之相当因果关系说为出发点,对比探讨了其与可预见性规则在理论上存在共通点,说明可预见性规则和我国侵权法相衔接实为可行。最后通过阐述可预见性规则在我国侵权法实务中相关间接体现,提出我国侵权法对于可预见性规则相关理论的具体借鉴与完善。建议我国在审理过失侵权案件中,对可预见性规则有针对性的加以借鉴,必要时可以对相关理论予以发展延伸,为法官于具体司法实践中提供相应参考,从而丰富和完善我国侵权因果关系判定理论。
[Abstract]:The rule of predictability, as an important rule for determining causality in tort law, plays an important role in the field of negligent tort. The rule takes "rational person" as the objective criterion to judge whether the perpetrator is liable for negligent tort. That is, the infringer is only responsible for the damage that can be reasonably foreseen by a "rational person" when he acts. The rules of predictability integrate public order and good customs, social justice and legal policy, and take the experience of the general public as the starting point. In order to determine whether there is a legal causality between the behavior of the perpetrator and the consequences of the damage, and finally determine the liability of the perpetrator and its scope, this rule can balance the liability of the infringer and the loss of the victim in practice. This is of positive significance to the promotion of social justice and judicial justice. This paper uses the analytical method of comparative jurisprudence to analyze the relevant theories and practical cases comprehensively. This paper expounds the indirect application of the predictability rule in the theory of tort causality in the continental law system, and the concrete application of this rule in the legislation and practice of Anglo-American tort law, and probes into the scope of application of the predictability rule. The limitation of application and its advantages and disadvantages in judicial practice. Secondly, based on the theory of equivalent causality applied at present in China, this paper makes a comparative study on the common point between it and the rule of predictability in theory. It is feasible to link the rules of predictability with the tort law of our country. Finally, by expounding the rules of predictability in the practice of tort law of our country, This paper puts forward the concrete reference and perfection of the relevant theories of the rules of predictability in the tort law of our country. It is suggested that in the trial of negligent tort cases, the rules of predictability should be used for reference, and if necessary, the relevant theories can be developed and extended. In order to enrich and perfect the judgment theory of causality of tort in our country, it provides the corresponding reference for the judge in the concrete judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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