《消费者权益保护法》中惩罚性赔偿的司法适用研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 07:25

本文关键词： 惩罚性赔偿欺诈司法适用　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：惩罚性赔偿制度起源于英美法系,是指由法庭所做出的赔偿数额超出实际损害数额的赔偿,它具有补偿受害人遭受的损失、惩罚和遏制不法行为等多重功能。1993年我国《消费者权益保护法》(以下简称《消法》)第49条针对商品及服务欺诈首次规定了“退一赔一”制度,开启了我国惩罚性赔偿的先河。2014年3月15日实施的新《消法》又将欺诈行为的赔偿数额提升至商品或服务价款的三倍,另增加了针对缺陷产品可主张损失二倍以下的惩罚性赔偿的规定。然而二十年来,《消法》中的惩罚性赔偿规定从实体到程序上并没有突破性的发展,在司法适用中存在诸多争议,例如欺诈的理解与适用、三倍赔偿导致惩罚数额畸重、高额赔偿引发道德危机等。因此,《消法》中惩罚性赔偿制度的设计应当更加符合我国国情,既要强化对消费者权益的保护,又要考虑经济发展水平和经营者的承受能力。首先,消费欺诈应当区别于民事欺诈及合同欺诈,主观上包括故意与重大过失,客观上包括作为与不作为。其次,应当确定科学合理的惩罚性赔偿数额,将三倍赔偿修改为三倍以下的赔偿,由法官根据具体个案中经营者的过错程度、损害后果、是否受过行政处罚等情节来确定惩罚性赔偿的具体数额。第三,违法者应承担的法律责任应当与其过错程度相当,同时承担惩罚性赔偿与行政责任时可考虑互为补充,避免多重处罚。第四,审判机关与行政机关应当形成良性互动,构建良好的消费环境仅仅依靠职业打假者是远远不够的,还依赖于行政部门积极履行市场监管职能,在司法判例已经确认为欺诈时,积极督促经营者纠正违法行为。
[Abstract]:The system of punitive damages originates from the common law system, which refers to the damages made by the court in excess of the actual amount of damages, and it has compensation for the losses suffered by the victims. In 1993, Article 49 of China's Consumer Rights and interests Protection Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law") provided for the first time the "one refund, one compensation" system for fraud in goods and services. The new "Consumer Law", which was implemented in March 15th 2014, also raised the amount of compensation for fraud to three times the price of goods or services. In addition, provisions have been added for punitive damages for defective products that can claim less than twice the loss. However, over the past 20 years, there has been no breakthrough in the punitive damages provisions in the Consumer Law from substance to procedure. There are many controversies in the judicial application, such as the understanding and application of fraud, the heavy amount of punishment caused by triple compensation, the moral crisis caused by high compensation, and so on. Therefore, the design of punitive damages system in the "Consumer Law" should be more in line with the national conditions of our country. It is necessary not only to strengthen the protection of consumers' rights and interests, but also to consider the level of economic development and the affordability of operators. Firstly, consumer fraud should be distinguished from civil fraud and contract fraud, subjectively including intentional and gross negligence. Objectively including acts and omissions. Secondly, we should determine the scientific and reasonable amount of punitive damages, and revise the compensation from three times to less than three times, according to the degree of fault of the operators in the specific case, the damage consequences, Third, the legal liability of the violator should be equal to the degree of his fault. At the same time, when he bears the punitive damages and administrative liabilities, he may consider complementing each other. To avoid multiple penalties. 4th, the judicial organs and the administrative organs should form a positive interaction. It is far from enough to build a good consumption environment only to rely on the professionals to crack down on counterfeiters, and also rely on the administrative departments to actively perform the functions of market supervision. In the judicial precedent has been confirmed as fraud, actively urge operators to correct illegal behavior.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8

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