论商事行为中代物清偿合同的性质

发布时间：2018-02-25 20:18

  本文关键词： 代物清偿合同 商事行为 要物性 诺成性　出处：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会科技的不断发展进步,商业市场愈加变幻莫测,商业机遇可遇不可求,有时遇到,倘若不及时抓住,则机遇转瞬即逝,这就要求商主体在交易的同时更加注重交易的便捷性、有效性。代物清偿合同因其有迅速解决纠纷、缓解债权债务人之间的关系、加快经济交往效率、节约交易成本等优点,被越来越多的应用于商业市场交易中,当然,随着使用率的增加,不可避免的会产生这样那样的问题。然而在目前司法实践中,以承认代物清偿合同的要物性为主流观点,这使得以上代物清偿合同的优势大打折扣,尤其是对于追求交易迅捷的商事行为来讲,代物清偿合同的要物性对其发展更是一种阻碍,所以,本文主要以商事行为中的代物清偿合同为研究对象。由于清偿期届满前后的代物清偿合同有着不同的特性,在探寻其性质的问题上不可一概而论,诚然,笔者最终的结论是一致的,但分析的过程却是根据其性质从两条不同的路线展开,以期更好的维护商主体之间的利益平衡,体现其意思自治,保证交易的简便快捷。本文共有五个部分,首先是引言部分,主要写了选题的背景和研究意义,国内外对商事行为中代物清偿合同性质的研究现状,另外还简单介绍了一下本文的研究方法和创新点,从宏观上对论文加以把握。第二部分主要是对商事行为中代物清偿合同基本概念的确定,以及分析代物清偿合同在商事行为中所独有的特征。因为基本概念是进行论文研究的理论和前提基础,而特征是论文研究不可或缺的重要因素,因此在文章的第二部分予以介绍。第三部分就是对商事行为中代物清偿合同的理论学说以及在司法实践中不同的处理结果进行分析,捋清当代中国下的现实状况,找出代物清偿合同的处理在实践中的变化和原由。本部分笔者引用了不同学者关于代物清偿合同的理论以及司法实践中的具体案例,以求达到理论与实践相结合的效果,做到摆清事实,论证有理有据。第四部分是对债务清偿期届满前的代物清偿合同进行分析,从其特点出发,将与其极易混淆的流质契约单独拿出来分析,论证在商事行为中的代物清偿合同不可断而言其为流质契约而认定为无效,要遵循意思自治原则,才能更符合实际需要。从清偿期届满前的代物清偿合同要物性的弊端和诺成性的科学性两方面,驳论与立论相结合,阐明笔者的观点,突出商事行为中承认代物清偿合同的诺成性的优势。第五部分是对债务清偿期届满后的代物清偿合同进行分析,也是从其特点出发,进而分析将债务清偿期届满后的代物清偿合同认定为要物性的弊端,以及承认其诺成性的科学性,同样采用驳论与立论相结合的方式,突出笔者的观点。在体例上,本部分与上一章基本保持一致,以达到文章结构的严谨与美观。最后得出本文的最终结论,在商事行为中承认代物清偿合同的诺成性更为恰当,符合时代需求。
[Abstract]:With the development of social science and technology, more and more business opportunities in the commercial market change unpredictably, can not be met, sometimes encountered, if not timely seize the opportunity, is fleeting, which requires the business subject in convenient transactions at the same time, pay more attention to the transaction. The validity of the datio in solutum contract because of the rapid settlement of disputes the relationship between the creditor and the debtor, ease, speed up economic exchanges efficiency, saving transaction costs and other advantages, are widely used in commercial transactions in the market, of course, with the increase of usage, will inevitably have the same problem. However, in the current judicial practice, in recognition of the datio in solutum contract to as the mainstream, which makes the above contract on behalf of the property settlement advantage greatly reduced, especially for commercial behavior the pursuit of quick deal, on behalf of the property settlement contract to properties on the development of it is a So, the contract settlement obstacles, substitute based on commercial behavior as the research object. As a result of the liquidation period expires after the datio in solutum contract has different characteristics, in exploring the nature of the problem can not be generalized, it is consistent with the final conclusion, but the analysis process is based on its properties from two different routes, in order to better balance the interests between the maintenance of commercial subject, reflect its autonomy, ensures the transaction convenient. This paper consists of five parts. The first part is the introduction, the main topics of the writing background and the research significance, the domestic and foreign research on the trading behavior of substitute the nature of the contract settlement status, also briefly introduces the research method and innovation of this paper, the paper from the macro to grasp. The second part is to determine the basic concept of commercial act on behalf of the property settlement contract, And the analysis of the characteristics of the datio in solutum contract are unique in the trading behavior. Because the basic concept is the theoretical foundation and prerequisite, and characteristics are important factors research indispensable, therefore to be introduced in the second part of the article. The third part is on the business behavior of the datio in solutum contract theory and processing different in judicial practice by analyzing the results of the reality of contemporary China clear of the datio in solutum contract processing to identify changes in practice and reason. In this part the author cites the case of different scholars on behalf of the property settlement contract and judicial practice, in order to achieve the combination of theory and practice do, put clear facts, reasoned arguments. The fourth part is to substitute debt repayment contract before the expiration of the analysis, starting from its characteristics, and Very easy to confuse the fluidity contract out a separate analysis, demonstration in the trading behavior of the datio in solutum contract can not be broken for the fluidity contract and invalid, should follow the principle of autonomy can be more in line with the actual needs. From the settlement of the contract on behalf of the property settlement before the expiry of the malpractice of Connaught and the science of the two aspects, and the combination of theoretical argument, clarify the author's point of view, recognition of the datio in solutum contracts outstanding commercial behavior in Connaught advantage. The fifth part is the substitute for its contract debt after the expiry of the period of analysis, but also from its characteristic, then the analysis will substitute debt settlement contract after the expiry of the defects should be identified as, and scientific recognition of its Connaught, using the same argument and argument combination, highlighting the author's point of view. In the style, this part of the basic insurance and a chapter In order to achieve the rigorous and beautiful structure of the article, we draw the final conclusion of this paper. It is more appropriate to recognize the promise of the contract in the commercial act, which is more suitable for the future needs of the contract.

【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6
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本文编号：1535025