我国个人信息行政侵权救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 00:36

本文关键词： 个人信息个人信息权行政侵权救济　出处：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：个人信息保护历史久远。最早可追溯到2400年前古希腊的“希波克拉底誓言”。在此誓言中,要求医生必须遵守行医职业道德,不得泄露在治病过程中知晓的个人信息。这可能是最早的个人信息保护形式。社会发展到21世纪,随着互联网技术的迅速普及,社会生活方式发生了极大的改变,公民的个人信息也以各种形式遭到泄露和滥用。在现实生活中,侵害公民个人信息权利的主体主要分为两类:一类是来自于公主体,即各级行政机关的侵害,主要是因为行政机关在履行行政职责的过程中收集和保存了大量的个人信息;一类是私主体的侵害,例如,学校、银行企业等掌握了公民个人信息的公共机构。对于私主体,因为公民与其是平等主体的民事法律关系,救济机制较为完善,在通常可以得到较好的救济。对于公主体,即行政机关来说,其侵权行为带来的后果较私主体来说要严重的多。处于弱势地位的相对人,在现有法律基础上寻求救济受到诸多限制。公民在面对行政机关侵害个人信息权利时,无法寻求适当的救济手段以保护其合法权益。救济与权利息息相关,没有权利何谈救济,没有救济又如何保障权利。在我国个人信息行政侵权救济问题上就遭遇着这样的尴尬。我国法律没有明确将个人信息权作为一项独立的人格权进行保护。公民的个人信息权在遭受行政机关的侵害时,无法寻求适当的救济途径来保护自己的信息权益。将个人信息权创设成为一项独立的人格权,在法律上确定下,是侵权救济的基础。个人信息行政侵权行为是行政侵权救济体系建构的起点,也是当事人申请救济的前提。只有对个人信息行政侵权行为进行客观分析,才能更好的进行归责和救济。通过对我国个人信息行政侵权救济制度存在问题的梳理,才能设计出合理的救济途径,使信息主体获得全面的救济。
[Abstract]:The protection of personal information has a long history. It dates back to the "Hippocratic Oath" of ancient Greece before 2400, in which doctors are required to observe professional ethics in the practice of medicine. This may be the earliest form of personal information protection. By 21th century, with the rapid spread of Internet technology, the way of social life has changed dramatically. The personal information of citizens is also leaked and abused in various forms. In real life, the subjects who violate citizens' rights of personal information are mainly divided into two categories: one is from the princess body, that is, the infringement of administrative organs at all levels. It is mainly because the administrative organs collect and preserve a large amount of personal information in the course of carrying out their administrative duties; one is the infringement of private subjects, such as schools, banks and enterprises, and other public institutions that have grasped the personal information of citizens. For private subjects, Because of the civil legal relationship between citizens and them as equal subjects, the relief mechanism is relatively perfect, and usually they can get better relief. For the princess, that is, the administrative organs, The consequences of the tort are much more serious than that of the private subject. The relative person in a weak position is subject to many restrictions in seeking relief on the basis of the existing law. When facing the violation of the right to personal information by the administrative organ, the citizen, Unable to seek appropriate remedies to protect their legitimate rights and interests. Relief is inextricably linked to rights, and there is no right to talk about relief. There is no remedy and how to protect the right. In our personal information administrative tort relief problems encountered such embarrassment. Our law does not explicitly regard the right to personal information as an independent personality right to protect. When the right to personal information is infringed upon by an administrative organ, It is impossible to seek appropriate remedies to protect one's own information rights and interests. The creation of personal information rights as an independent personality right is determined by law. Personal information administrative tort is the starting point of the establishment of administrative tort relief system, and is also the prerequisite for the parties to apply for relief. By combing the problems existing in the relief system of personal information administrative infringement in China, we can design a reasonable remedy way and make the information subject obtain comprehensive relief.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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