论好意同乘交通事故的责任承担

发布时间：2018-03-02 06:17

本文关键词： 好意同乘侵权责任归责原则责任承担　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在社会变迁中,社会上出现了一种“搭顺风车”新现象。这种搭顺风车的行为就是法律术语中所说的“好意同乘”。随着经济的急速发展,机动车的数量也越来越多,不得不履行私家车单双号分日行驶的政策,有车一族免费顺路捎带朋友一程这种举手之劳的常事也屡见不鲜。所以,顺路捎带朋友一程的事情越来越多也无可厚非。其中我国对因好意同乘引发的道路交通事故仍没有明确的责任划分,没有相关的法律出台,交通部部长杨传堂在2016年的两会上也提出:激励合乘、顺风车等分享经济形式的展开。我们也可预计日后会有越来越多道路交通事故纠纷是由于好意同乘引起。因此引起的道路交通事故该如何处理?法律责任谁来承担?因为是好意同乘能否免除被搭乘人的责任?所以,有关好意同乘交通事故的责任承担就成为目前亟待解决的问题。好意同乘过程中未发生交通事故时,车辆供给者和搭乘者之间存在友好和谐的关系当然可维系,不过,只要发生人身、财产损害,车辆供给者和搭乘者之间的社会关系从好意转化成为补偿搭乘者的关系。但是好意同乘与一般的侵权案件不同,好意同乘案件中的侵权主体、客体的责任承担需要进一步明确,如果在发生交通事故时车辆供给者不是有意而为之,造成损害的过程存在着特殊的情况,如事故的发生是同乘者造成的或者是第三方的责任等,那么在这些情况下,好意同乘侵权责任的承担问题将是面临的一项重大挑战。本文首先给出了两个好意同乘案例,对这两个案例进行了详细的分析,在此基础上提出了在好意同乘过程中侵权责任的承担问题,想要对这个问题进行深刻的探讨,我们需要详细了解好意同乘过程中的相关知识。怎样界定好意同乘,车辆供给者与搭乘者在好意同乘过程中需要履行什么样的权利和义务,好意同乘交通事故中存在哪些法律性质,在交通事故中存在怎样的侵权规则原则。对此,外国法律已经有了比较完善的规定,而我国法律至今没有统一、明确的规定来处理对好意同乘的责任承担,导致全国各地法院在行使自由裁量权的过程中权衡规范不一,裁判结果各不相同。有鉴于此,本文运用两起好意同乘引发的交通事故案例,对好意同乘的定义、特征、性质以及归责原则等进行介绍分析,在此基础上,并对好意同乘交通事故责任承担提出自己的一些浅显的建议。
[Abstract]:In the course of social change, there is a new phenomenon of "riding a windmill" in society. The behavior of hitchhiking is called "good riding" in legal terms. With the rapid development of the economy, the number of motor vehicles is increasing. Having to carry out the policy of daily driving of private cars with single and even numbers, it is common for people with cars to drop by their friends free of charge. There is no doubt that there are more and more incidents of passing friends along the way. Among them, our country still has no clear division of responsibility for road traffic accidents caused by good intentions, and no relevant laws have been issued. Yang Chuantang, Minister of Communications, also proposed at the two sessions on 2016: "encourage and multiply." We can also expect that more and more road traffic disputes will be caused by good intentions in the future. How to deal with the resulting road traffic accidents? Who will bear the legal responsibility? Is it possible to absolve the person on board of the responsibility because of good intentions? Therefore, the responsibility of the well-intentioned co-rider traffic accident has become an urgent problem to be solved. When there is no traffic accident during the well-intentioned co-riding process, the friendly and harmonious relationship between the vehicle supplier and the passenger can of course be maintained, but, As long as personal and property damage occurs, the social relations between the supplier and the passenger of the vehicle change from good intention to compensation of the passenger. But the good riding is different from the general infringement case, and the tortious subject in the case of good intention and ride is different. The responsibility of the object needs to be further clarified, if the vehicle supplier does not intend to do it in the event of a traffic accident, there are special circumstances in the process of causing the damage. If the occurrence of the accident is caused by the same rider or the liability of a third party, then in these cases, the assumption of the tort liability of the good will be a major challenge. This paper first gives two cases of good intentions and multiplies. On the basis of the detailed analysis of these two cases, this paper puts forward the problem of tort liability in the process of good intentions and multiplication, and wants to make a deep discussion on this problem. We need to have a detailed understanding of the relevant knowledge of the well-intentioned co-rider process. How to define the well-intentioned co-rider, what rights and obligations should be fulfilled by the vehicle supplier and the passenger in the well-intentioned co-ride process, What are the legal nature of well-intentioned traffic accidents and the principles of tort rules in traffic accidents? for this reason, foreign laws have relatively perfect provisions, but the laws of our country have not yet been unified. Clear provisions to deal with the responsibility for good will and multiplication, resulting in varying norms in the exercise of discretion by courts throughout the country, and different judicial results. This paper introduces and analyzes the definition, characteristics, nature and imputation principle of well-intentioned co-multiplication by using two cases of traffic accidents caused by well-intentioned co-multiplication. And put forward some simple suggestions to take the responsibility of traffic accident with good intention.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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