论网络环境下公众人物隐私权的法律保护

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:37

本文选题：公众人物　切入点：隐私权　出处：《河北大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国学者查尔斯·弗里德(Charles Fried)曾说:“没有隐私权,人就失去了成其为人的重要要素。”隐私权对于个人具有重要意义。隐私权的价值不仅在于对个人生活、事务以及空间等权利免受打扰的保护,更重要的是对个人信息及信息环境等权利的保护。在信息时代,尤其是在互联网时代,隐私权的客体、内涵与传统环境下相比更容易受到侵害。互联网的快速发展在促进社会、经济繁荣的同时,也给人们隐私权利的保护带来意想不到的困扰。互联网时代下信息的交流较之传统时代变的更加频繁、便捷,这一方面给人们的生活带来了便利,另一方面也给人们信息隐私权利的保护增加了难度。网络环境下侵犯信息隐私权利的现象与日俱增,给个人和社会带来严重后果。而公众人物作为网络环境下的特殊群体,其隐私权利的保护备受关注。本文论述了网络隐私权的含义及特点、公众人物网络环境下隐私权的定义、特征及特殊性,通过与欧盟、美国等国家公众人物隐私权保护的比较,分析我国公众人物隐私权的保护现状,进而对我国公众人物隐私权的保护提出法律建议。隐私权是一项具体的人格权。随着互联网时代的到来,隐私权的保护范围也随之扩展至网络生活安宁、个人信息安全、空间安宁等。个人隐私权在网络环境下较之以往更易受到侵害,其中公众人物隐私权尤为明显。文中通过对比网络环境与传统环境下隐私权的内涵,详细阐述了公众人物这一特殊群体在网络环境下隐私权更易引发社会关注、更易影响公众利益、更具商业价值等特征。同时,通过研究域外公众人物网络环境下隐私权保护的发展模式,深入分析其模式发展成熟的要因。例如欧盟及其成员国通过立法措施,在保护最低隐私权保护基础上,通过一系列法令明确隐私权保护的内容,扩大个人数据的保护范围。另外笔者对其成员国德国颁布的系列法令进一步深入研究,其将公众人物区别对待、隐私范围差别保护的细化措施对我国保护公众人物隐私权具有重要的借鉴意义。美国虽采用行业自律模式来保护公民的隐私权,但也未对隐私权的主体加以区分,而是通过一系列典型判例确定公众人物隐私权保护的规则。美国立法保护不同之处在于更倾向于保护媒体的新闻自由,这也是有学者称在美国公众人物妄图通过司法机关获得保护机会渺茫的原因了。通过对域外公众人物隐私权保护的立法规范、行业自律的学习,笔者试图找到适合我国隐私权保护的模式。目前我国关于隐私权制度发展存在的诸多问题,尤其是网络环境下公众人物隐私权保护在立法及行业自律方面的问题:我国对公众人物隐私权立法不仅零散的分布于其他法律法规之中,而且立法位阶较低,难以对其形成有效的保护;在行业自律方面,虽然现状互联网行业规模较大,但行业起步较晚,尚未形成良好的行业秩序,往往难以自律。由此可见,无论在立法方面还是在行业自律方面,我国针对网络环境下公众人物隐私权的保护上都显得捉襟见肘。通过对上述问题的深入研究,笔者对今后我国网络环境下公众人物隐私权的保护提出以下三点建议:首先,我国应通过立法明确网络环境下公众人物隐私权的内涵、界定公众人物隐私权的范围,借鉴域外国家立法保护的成果经验,同时结合我国具体国情,先设立基本法予以保护,再完善案例指导制度,逐步加强对公众人物隐私权的立法保护;其次,政府部门应发挥引导作用,逐步建立公众官员信息分级披露制度,这不仅对公众知情权负责,也对当前及今后的反腐工作具有积极意义;最后在国家法律法规的基础上,互联网行业应制定内部相应的行业标准,形成完整的行业自律框架,通过技术措施和政府监督的双重作用,促进互联网环境下公众人物隐私权保护的良性发展。
[Abstract]:The American scholar Charles Fred (Charles Fried) said: "there is no privacy, people will lose the important elements of human." the right of privacy is important for personal privacy. The value lies not only in personal life, rights affairs and space protection against disturb, more important is the protection of personal information and the information environment rights. In the information age, especially in the Internet era, the connotation of the object of privacy, compared with the traditional environment more vulnerable. The rapid development of the Internet in promoting social and economic prosperity at the same time, also the protection of privacy rights for people to bring unexpected problems. The exchange of information in the Internet era compared with the traditional era becomes more and more frequent, convenient, which brings convenience to people's lives, protection on the other hand also give people information privacy rights more difficult. The phenomenon of violating the privacy rights of information grow with each passing day under network environment, with serious consequences for individuals and society. Public figures as a special group under the network environment, the protection of the rights of privacy concern. This paper discusses the meaning and characteristics of network privacy, right of privacy of public figures under the network environment network, characteristics and particularity by comparison, with the European Union, the United States and other countries to protect the privacy of public figures, analysis of the status quo of the protection of the privacy right of public figures in China, so as to protect the privacy of public figures in China put forward the legal suggestions. The privacy right is a specific personality. With the advent of the Internet era, the scope of protection of the right of privacy is also extended to the network of personal information security, peace, peace. Space of personal privacy in the network environment is more vulnerable to abuse, the privacy of public figures is particularly obvious. The right of privacy by comparing the network environment and traditional environment connotation in this paper, elaborated on this special group of public figures privacy in the network environment right more easily lead to social concerns, are more likely to influence the public interest, more commercial value feature. At the same time, the development model of privacy protection of the network domain Grandpa characters under the environment, in-depth analysis of its mode of development to mature. For example, the European Union and its member states through legislative measures in the protection of privacy protection on the basis of the lowest, through a series of decrees clear privacy protection content, expand the scope of protection. In addition, a data series of laws of its member states in Germany for further study the public figure, distinction, privacy protection measures range difference refinement is an important reference for our privacy protection of the public person. Although the United States by industry Law to protect the privacy of citizens, but also failed to distinguish the privacy of the subject, determine the protection of public figures privacy rules but through a series of typical cases. The legislation difference is more inclined to protect media freedom, this is also a study in the United States in an attempt by the judicial organs of public figures get the chance. The protection by legislation to protect the extraterritorial privacy of public figures, industry self-regulation learning, the author tries to find a suitable privacy protection mode in our country. At present there are many problems about the development of the system of the right to privacy, especially the problems in legislation and self-discipline aspects of the protection of the public person network privacy: China's public figures privacy legislation not only scattered in other laws and regulations, and the legislation level is low, it is difficult to form An effective protection; in industry self-regulation, although the status of the Internet industry in large scale, but the industry started late, has not yet formed a good trade order, it is often difficult to discipline. Therefore, whether in legislation or self-discipline in the industry of our country, in order to protect the privacy of the public person network environment have become stretched. Through research on the above problems, the protection of public figures in our country under the network environment, the privacy put forward the following three suggestions: first, China should legislate connotation of public physical privacy under the network environment, to define the scope of the right to privacy of public figures, from the legislative protection of foreign countries experience and achievements. Combined with China's specific national conditions, to set up the basic law to protect and improve case guidance system, and gradually strengthen the public figures privacy protection legislation; secondly, the government department The door should play a guiding role, and gradually establish a public official grading information disclosure system, which is not only responsible for the public's right to know, has a positive significance to the current and future anti-corruption work; finally, based on the laws of the country, the Internet industry should formulate corresponding standards within the industry, formed a complete framework of self-discipline, through double the role of technical measures and government supervision, and promote the healthy development of the protection of the public person under the environment of Internet privacy.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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