我国网络转载法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 15:01

本文选题：网络转载　切入点：授权许可　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：网络转载是一种社会现象,是互联网媒体与互联网媒体、传统媒体之间相互转载已经发表作品的行为。在现阶段,随着经济和计算机互联网技术的飞速发展,网络转载侵犯著作权的现象变得愈加普遍和严重,实践中此类行为成为大家关注的热点,但是司法实务中对网络转载侵权案件的判决适用一般侵权案件的归责原则和举证规则,使得网络著作权保护流于表面,不能对权利提供切实保护。理论界对网络转载适用授权许可还是法定许可各执一词,在理论上很难达成一致意见。未能达成共识的网络转载理论很难发挥指导实践操作的效果。当前,网络转载侵权案件频发,与之相关的侵权乱象颇为严重,因此良好的网络转载秩序对保护著作权的发展显得尤为重要。针对此现状,为了更好的研究网络转载存在的法律问题,改善网络领域著作权的发展现状,本文首先梳理网络转载涉及的主体,明确当前网络侵权的主要主体在于网络内容提供者;其次,对网络领域的客观现状进行分析,明确网络转载存在举证责任分配不公、侵权成本较低导致网络转载屡禁不止等问题;最后,从民事法律领域的侵权责任承担以及举证责任方面对各类问题提出针对性的解决对策。通过对网络转载的概念、特征、对象的界定,以及对比传统转载和网络转载找到二者的区别,对网络转载的理解达到一个新的高度。在网络转载领域适用制度方面,更加坚定法定许可的不可取性,为方便优秀作品的传播,繁荣网络文化有必要将适用于传统转载领域的授权许可引入网络领域。网络本身具有国际性的特点,网络环境下的作品传播也应当与国际接轨,网络转载适用授权许可是与国际接轨的要求,有利于著作权的保护。并且,法定许可是对著作权的限制,我国第一部著作权法颁布于上个世纪90年代,当时我国正处于计划经济时代,因而对著作权的限制带有计划经济的属性。鉴于当前的社会环境发生深刻变化,网络转载应当具有市场经济属性,充分体现著作权人对作品的自主处分,而不应对其进行过多限制。建立在对网络转载现状以及存在问题知悉的基础上,本文提出网络转载侵权应采用过错责任原则并且明确举证责任倒置的适用,限制"避风港"规则的滥用以及建立惩罚性赔偿制度来提高违法成本。因网络侵权的隐秘性,著作权人举证困难,过错推定作为过错归责原则下的使用手段,在网络转载侵权领域得以适用从而减轻权利人的举证责任;以司法解释的形式明确"及时"、限制使用"避风港"规则作为免责事由的次数,防止网络服务提供者放任网络转载侵权行为的发生;因著作权人维权费用高,在网络转载领域建立惩罚性赔偿制度,以许可费用的合理倍数来确定赔偿金能够提高侵权成本,加强对网络转载者的威慑,规范网络转载的秩序。
[Abstract]:Internet reprint is a social phenomenon. It is the behavior of Internet media and Internet media. Traditional media reprint works with each other. At this stage, with the rapid development of economy and computer Internet technology, The phenomenon of infringement of copyright by network has become more and more common and serious. In practice, this kind of behavior has become the focus of attention, but in judicial practice, the principle of imputation and the rule of proof in general infringement cases are applied to the judgment of network reprint infringement cases. Make the network copyright protection flow on the surface, can not provide real protection of rights. It is very difficult to reach an agreement in theory. The theory of Internet reprinting which fails to reach a consensus is very difficult to give full play to the effect of guiding practical operation. At present, there are frequent cases of infringement of Internet reprint, and the related tort disorder is quite serious. Therefore, a good network reprint order is particularly important for the development of copyright protection. In view of the present situation, in order to better study the legal problems existing in network reprint and improve the current situation of copyright development in the network field, This article first combs the network reprint involves the main body, clarifies the current network infringement main body lies in the network content provider; secondly, carries on the analysis to the network domain objective present situation, clear network reprint has the unfair distribution of the burden of proof. The low cost of tort leads to the repeated prohibition of network reprinting. Finally, from the aspects of tort liability and burden of proof in the field of civil law, the author puts forward targeted solutions to all kinds of problems. The definition of the object, as well as the difference between the traditional reprint and the internet reprint, the understanding of the network reprint has reached a new height... in the field of network reprinting, the application system is more determined on the undesirability of legal permission, In order to facilitate the dissemination of excellent works, it is necessary for the prosperity of the network culture to introduce the license applicable to the traditional reprint field into the network field. The network itself has international characteristics, and the dissemination of works under the network environment should also be in line with the international standards. The network reprint applies the authorization license is the request which is in line with the international standard, is advantageous to the copyright protection. Moreover, the legal license is the restriction to the copyright, our country's first copyright law was promulgated in -10s, At that time, our country was in the era of planned economy, so the restriction of copyright had the attribute of planned economy. In view of the profound changes in the current social environment, network reprinting should have the attribute of market economy. Fully embodies the copyright owner's independent disposition of the work, and should not restrict it too much. It is based on the knowledge of the current situation of reprinting on the network and the existing problems. This paper puts forward that the principle of fault liability and the application of inversion of burden of proof should be adopted to limit the abuse of the "safe haven" rules and to establish the punitive damages system to increase the cost of breaking the law. The burden of proof of copyright owner is difficult, and the presumption of fault, as a means of use under the principle of fault imputation, can be applied in the field of network reprint infringement so as to lighten the burden of proof of the right holder; Make clear "timely" in the form of judicial interpretation, limit the number of times that the rules of "safe haven" are used as a reason of exemption, prevent the network service provider from letting the infringement of network reprint take place; because of the high cost of copyright owners' rights protection, To establish the punitive damages system in the field of network reprint, to determine the compensation by the reasonable multiple of the license cost can increase the cost of infringement, strengthen the deterrent to the network reprinted person, and standardize the order of the network reprint.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41

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