第三人侵害合同债权制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 15:51

本文选题：第三人侵害合同债权　切入点：债权效力　出处：《北京交通大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：第三人侵害合同债权制度的构建是当前国际趋势,将该制度纳入到侵权法体系内是我国民法典编纂中的重要环节。合同债权作为相对权,是阻碍第三人侵犯合同债权制度在大陆法国家得到认可的主要理论屏障,而其在英美法系国家源远流长。我国私法体系中绝对权与相对权二元结构的划分标准根本上是从权利或者权能实现的角度来说的,两者效力范围是以此为基础展开的,从而就形成了相对权的效力范围仅限于特定人之间,而无关他人的现状。所以,承认侵害债权制度并不会以破坏绝对权与相对权的固有体系为代价。选择此题的直接目的是为合同债权人的合法权益在受到合同关系外第三人侵害时得以受到法律保护,使受损合同债权得到赔偿,长远上维护市场经济秩序,促进经济发展。通过对此题目的研究,寻求合同债权作为侵权法保护客体的内在原因,窥探我国民法体系的结构,为正筹备《民法典》尽一丝绵力。撰写论文所运用到的方法有法解释学的方法、比较分析的方法和历史研究的方法。此文围绕第三人侵害合同债权的主题,从四个方面展开论述：首先,对第三人侵害合同债权制度进行总体的概括介绍,通过不同国家地区的成文法规定和判例明确其内涵,分析其法律性质。其次,探究我国构建第三人侵害合同债权制度的实践需求、法律依据和学理基础,从而表明我国应构建该制度来满足现实生活和法制构建的需要。再者,围绕第三人侵害合同债权行为构成要件及责任逐一分析,主要依据现今各国（地区）已有的成文法规定、相关判例以及我国相关的司法实践、法官评论以及权威学者的见解。最后,对目前我国第三人侵害合同债权制度构建状况进行探究分析,主要依据的是已有的学界主流观点和我国历年民法典草案建议稿,通过针对其中存在的问题进行分析并提出相应的解决意见,来表明笔者的观点。本文创新之处,实为笔者自己思考与观察问题的视角。一是,笔者对绝对权与相对权二分法进行探析,寻求两者区别的本质所在,支持债权内外两个维度的理论,合同债权的本质实为一种可期待的利益,并以此作为其受侵权法保护的理论基础。二是,在我国现有的法律规定和司法实践中搜寻对第三人侵害合同债权行为的法律规制,以此证明在我国现有法律体系内对第三人侵害债权救济的事实。三是,就第三人侵害债权制度设计部分量的分析,其构成要件直接决定法律对债权保护的程度,具体包括第三人的界定、主观要件、第三人侵权责任承担等。
[Abstract]:It is the current international trend to construct the system of the third party's infringement contract creditor's rights. It is an important link in the compilation of civil code of our country to bring this system into the tort law system, and the contract creditor's right is regarded as the relative right. It is the main theoretical barrier that prevents the third party from obtaining the recognition of the contract claim system in the mainland France. But it has a long history in Anglo-American legal system. In our private law system, the division standard of dualistic structure of absolute right and relative right is fundamentally from the angle of realization of right or power, and the scope of their effectiveness is based on this. Thus the scope of effectiveness of the relative power is limited to certain persons, not the status quo of others. The direct purpose of choosing this question is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of contract creditors when infringed by a third party outside the contractual relationship, at the expense of destroying the inherent system of absolute and relative rights and interests, the direct purpose of choosing this question is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the contract creditors when infringed by the third party outside the contractual relationship. In order to maintain the order of market economy and promote the development of economy in the long run, the creditor's rights of contract can be compensated. Through the study of this subject, the author tries to find out the internal reasons of the creditor's rights of contract as the object of tort law, and to probe into the structure of the civil law system of our country. In order to prepare the Civil Code, the methods used in the preparation of the Civil Code include the method of legal hermeneutics, the method of comparative analysis and the method of historical research. First of all, a general introduction to the third party infringement contract creditor's rights system, through different countries and regions of statutory law provisions and precedents to clarify its connotation, analysis of its legal nature. This paper probes into the practical demand, legal basis and theoretical basis of constructing the system of creditor's rights of the third party's infringement contract in our country, which indicates that our country should construct the system to meet the needs of real life and legal construction. Based on the analysis of the constitutive requirements and liability of the third party's infringement of contract creditor's rights, this paper mainly bases on the statutory provisions, relevant cases and the relevant judicial practice of our country (region). Finally, the author explores and analyzes the construction of the creditor's rights system of the third party's infringement contract in our country, which is mainly based on the existing mainstream viewpoints of academic circles and the suggestions of the draft civil code of our country over the years. Through the analysis of the existing problems and the corresponding suggestions to solve the problem, to show the author's point of view. The innovation of this paper is the perspective of the author's own thinking and observation of the problem. The author probes into the dichotomy of absolute right and relative right, seeks the essence of the difference between the two, supports the theory of two dimensions inside and outside the creditor's rights, the essence of the contract creditor's rights is a kind of expectable interest. The second is to search for the legal regulation of the third party's infringement of contract creditor's rights in the existing law and judicial practice of our country. In order to prove the fact that the third party infringes the creditor's rights in the current legal system of our country. Third, the author analyzes the part of the design of the third party's infringement of creditor's rights system, and its constituent elements directly determine the degree of the legal protection to the creditor's rights. Including the definition of the third party, subjective elements, tort liability of the third party and so on.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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