混合共同担保的法律规则:裁判分歧与制度完善

发布时间：2018-03-10 16:31

本文选题：人的担保　切入点：物的担保　出处：《清华法学》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：同一债权既有人的担保又有物的担保的,在担保权可得行使时,债权人应当按照约定实现债权。这里的"约定",应是当事人之间关于人的担保和物的担保之间责任顺序、责任分担范围的约定,而非实现担保物权的约定。在解释论之下,我国实定法并不承认保证人与物上保证人之间的求偿关系,在债务人提供物的担保的情形,当事人如无上述约定,债权人应先就债务人提供的物的担保实现债权,债权人放弃该物的担保的,其他担保人在债权人丧失优先受偿权益的范围内免除担保责任,但当事人如有上述约定,债权人应当按照该约定实现债权,债权人放弃该物的担保的,对其他担保人承担担保责任不发生影响。第三人提供物的担保的,当事人如无上述约定,债权人可以选择向保证人或物上保证人主张权利,债权人放弃物上保证人提供的物的担保,对保证人承担保证责任不发生影响。立法上应承认保证人与物上保证人之间的内部求偿权,如无相反约定,债权人放弃物上保证人的物的担保,保证人在物上保证人应分担份额的范围内免除担保责任。
[Abstract]:Where the same creditor has security of both the person and the thing, when the security right is exercisable, the creditor shall, in accordance with the agreement, realize the creditor's right. The "agreement" hereto shall be the order of responsibility between the parties in respect of the security of the person and the security of the thing, An agreement on the scope of liability allocation, rather than an agreement on the realization of a security interest. Under the theory of interpretation, the actual law of our country does not recognize the claim relationship between the guarantor and the surety in rem, in the case of security provided by the debtor, In the absence of such agreement, the creditor shall first realize the creditor's rights in respect of the security of the thing provided by the debtor, and if the creditor abandons the security of the object, the other guarantors shall be exempted from the liability of the security within the scope of the loss of the creditor's priority interest in the repayment, However, if the party concerned has the aforesaid agreement, the creditor shall fulfill the creditor's rights in accordance with the agreement, and if the creditor waives the security of the thing, it will not affect the other guarantors' liability for the security. If the third party provides security for the object, the party shall not have such an agreement, The creditor may choose to claim rights against the surety or the surety in rem, and the creditor may waive the security of the thing provided by the surety in rem, Legislation should recognize the internal claim between the guarantor and the guarantor in rem, and in the absence of an agreement to the contrary, the creditor shall waive the security of the guarantor in rem, The guarantor shall exempt himself from the liability of the guaranty to the extent of his share in the property.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心;
【基金】：中国法学会2016年度部级法学研究项目“《担保法》实施状况调研”(CLS[2016]C23)
【分类号】：D923.2

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