继承合同制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 10:11

  本文选题：继承合同　切入点：法定继承人　出处：《河北大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：继承合同最早出现在德国的日耳曼法中,广义的继承合同制度的内容包括继承权的赋予以及继承权的抛弃,随着历史社会历史的发展,继承合同制度也出现了许多变化。从世界各国的立法来看,对于继承合同存在两种截然相反的态度,一种是以德国和瑞士为代表的肯定立法模式,承认继承合同制度;另一种是以法国和意大利为代表的否定立法模式,禁止继承合同制度。此外,在英国和美国也有继承合同,但其并不是严格意义上的继承合同制度,我们将其称为折中立法模式。在我国,也有很多学者对继承合同制度作了详细研究,大部分人对于继承合同制度持肯定态度,但是在继承合同的主体及内容方面略有分歧,对于继承合同的主体的主要争论点是继承合同的主体是应该只包括法定继承人还是应该是包括法定继承人在内的其他人,对于继承合同内容的主要争论点是应否包括继承权的放弃。我国现行《继承法》中虽然未明确出现继承合同制度,但是有一项与之非常相类似的制度,即遗赠扶养协议制度,二者都是通过协议的方式处理遗产继承事宜,都是协议相对方取得继承权或者受遗赠权的直接依据。但是遗赠扶养协议制度脱胎于上个世纪的八十年代,有其特殊的制定背景,时至今日,其缺陷日益显露,越来越不能适应现代社会发展的需要。实际上我国民间习惯中也早有继承合同的存在,加之司法实践中对此类案件认定不一,判决不同,严重损害了司法的权威。因而不论是在理论层面还是在现实层面,继承合同制度都有设置的必要性。本文认为,结合我国的具体实际情况,应该采取肯定的立法模式,将继承合同制度规定在继承法之中。笔者将文章分为四大部分进行研究,分别为:继承合同制度的基本理论、继承合同制度的域外研究、我国构建继承合同制度的必要性、我国继承合同制度的立法构想。第一部分主要是从继承合同的概念界定出发,分析了继承合同的概念、特征、与相邻概念的区别以及其制度价值。第二部分介绍了大陆法系和英美法系的继承合同制度,并对其进行了比较分析,得出了我国构建继承合同制度的启示。第三部分着重从现实和理论两个层面分析了我国建立继承合同制度的必要性。第四部分主要阐述的是我国继承合同的制度构想,首先厘清了继承合同制度与法定扶养义务是否有冲突以及继承开始前是否可以放弃继承权这两个问题,接下来阐释了我国建立继承合同制度的立法模式和立法体例,最后从继承合同的订立、效力、撤销、解除、以及其他相关规定等方面提出了我国继承合同制度的构想。
[Abstract]:The contract of succession first appeared in Germanic law of Germany. The content of the broad system of inheritance contract included the inheritance right and the abandonment of inheritance right. With the development of history and history, There are also many changes in the system of succession contract. From the legislation of countries all over the world, there are two opposite attitudes to the contract of succession. One is the positive legislative model, which is represented by Germany and Switzerland, which recognizes the system of succession contract. The other is the negative legislative model represented by France and Italy, which prohibits the succession contract system. In addition, there are succession contracts in the United Kingdom and the United States, but they are not strictly a system of succession contracts. We call it the compromise legislative model. In our country, many scholars have made detailed research on the succession contract system, most of them have a positive attitude towards the succession contract system, but there are some differences in the subject and content of the inheritance contract. The main issue with regard to the subject of the contract of succession is whether the subject of the contract of succession should include only the legal heirs or other persons, including the legal heirs, The main point of contention about the content of inheritance contract is whether to include the abandonment of inheritance right. Although the succession contract system does not appear clearly in the present inheritance Law, there is a very similar system, that is, the system of bequest and maintenance agreement. Both of them deal with inheritance by means of agreement, and both are the direct basis for the relative party to the agreement to acquire the right of inheritance or the right to be bequeathed. However, the system of bequeath maintenance agreement was born on 80s on 0th century, and has its special background. Up to now, its defects are becoming more and more obvious and can not meet the needs of the development of modern society. In fact, the existence of inheritance contract in the folk custom of our country, in addition to the fact that the judicial practice is different in the determination of this kind of case, the judgment is different. Therefore, whether in theory or in reality, the system of inheritance contract has the necessity of setting up. This paper holds that, in light of the actual situation of our country, we should adopt a positive legislative model. The author divides the article into four parts: the basic theory of succession contract system, the extraterritorial study of inheritance contract system, the necessity of constructing succession contract system in our country. The first part is to analyze the concept and characteristics of succession contract from the definition of the concept of succession contract. The second part introduces the succession contract system of the continental law system and the common law system, and makes a comparative analysis of it. The third part mainly analyzes the necessity of establishing succession contract system in China from two aspects of reality and theory. Part 4th mainly expounds the system conception of succession contract in China. First of all, it clarifies whether there are conflicts between the inheritance contract system and the legal maintenance obligation, and whether we can give up the inheritance right before the succession begins, and then explains the legislative model and legislative style of establishing the inheritance contract system in our country. Finally, the author puts forward the conception of succession contract system in China from the aspects of conclusion, validity, rescission, rescission and other relevant provisions of succession contract.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.5
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本文编号：1629121