流浪动物致人损害的立法研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 12:17

本文选题：流浪动物　切入点：致人损害　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着人们生活水平的提升,对生活质量有了更高的要求,饲养动物数目也随之增长。与之一同增长的是动物致害现象日趋增多,根据最近几年各地的报道,出现了不少流浪动物攻击人类的案例。在这些案例中,被攻击者均受人身伤害,在经济上需要承担上千元的医药费用；在攻击严重的案例中,被侵权者甚至失去了生命。流浪动物致害往往索赔无门,一时间流浪动物致人损害的问题引起了舆论的关注,被提到了法治日程上来。流浪动物伤人后,往往难以确定责任主体,赔偿也难以落到实处。针对流浪动物致人损害中法律的缺位现象,本文分析了国内外法律在这一方面的立法以及法律实施状况,具体分析我国法律实施中的不足,总结实践、借鉴经验,针对不足之处对今后发生侵权行为提出解决方案,并就流浪动物致人损害的法律适用提供一些参考意见。本文第一部分阐述规制流浪动物侵权的现实紧迫性。针对流浪动物侵权现象进行了统计和总结,分析流浪动物攻击人类和妨碍管理的现象,进而分析了流浪动物的隐性危害,初步总结在流浪动物致人损害现象严重的背后是法律的缺位,流浪动物侵权现象的严重性,凸显该问题治理的现实紧迫性。第二部分针对国内立法和法律适用上的不足进行了分析归纳和总结。首先,总结流浪动物致人损害侵权的构成要件。其次,围绕构成要件进行相应的延伸,分析其责任主体、归责原则、免责事由以及责任形式。再次,具体分析我国法律实施中的不足,包括流浪动物概念界定、侵权主体不明确、主体落实难、责任落实难和流浪动物保护机制不健全等几个方面。第三部分通过比较分析法,对应上一部分责任主体、归责原则、免责事由、构成要件以及责任形式的结构,比较了国外流浪动物规制法律的立法,分析国内立法的利弊,以比较的手段更加深刻地了解我国关于流浪动物侵权方面立法的现状。最后一部分针对上文提到的不足之处以及结合外国立法的有益经验,提出了相应的完善建议。包括从立法及理论上的界定概念、明确主体、完善主体责任,到实践中以互助会的形式以及政府介入管理保护流浪动物等,力求多管齐下,理论结合实际以促成流浪动物侵权问题的解决。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the quality of life has become more demanding, and the number of animals raised has also increased. Along with it, the phenomenon of animal damage has been increasing, according to reports in recent years. There have been many cases of stray animals attacking human beings. In these cases, the assailants were all physically injured and financially required to pay thousands of dollars in medical expenses; in serious cases of attacks, The victims even lost their lives. The victims of stray animals often have no claim for damages. The problem of causing damage to people by stray animals at one time has aroused public concern and has been put on the agenda of the rule of law. After the stray animals have hurt people, It is often difficult to determine the subject of responsibility and to enforce the compensation. In view of the absence of law in the damage caused by stray animals, this paper analyzes the legislation and implementation of domestic and foreign laws in this respect. Analyzing the deficiency of our country's law enforcement, summing up the practice, drawing lessons from the experience, and putting forward the solution to the future tort behavior in view of the deficiency. The first part of this paper expounds the practical urgency of regulating the torts of stray animals, and makes statistics and summary on the phenomenon of torts caused by stray animals. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of stray animals attacking human beings and hindering management, and then analyzes the hidden harm of vagrant animals, and preliminarily sums up the absence of laws behind the serious damage caused by stray animals, and the seriousness of torts caused by stray animals. The second part analyzes and summarizes the deficiencies in domestic legislation and the application of laws. First, summarizes the constitutive elements of human damage caused by stray animals. Secondly, Based on the corresponding extension of the constitutive elements, this paper analyzes the subject of responsibility, the principle of imputation, the reason of exemption and the form of liability. Thirdly, it analyzes the deficiencies in the implementation of the law in China, including the definition of the concept of stray animals and the unclear subject of tort. The third part, by means of comparative analysis, corresponds to the above part of the main body of responsibility, the principle of imputation, the reason of exemption, the elements of constitution and the structure of liability form, etc. This paper compares the legislation of foreign laws governing stray animals, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of domestic legislation. A more profound understanding of the current situation of legislation on the infringement of stray animals in our country by comparative means. The last part aims at the deficiencies mentioned above and the beneficial experience of combining foreign legislation, The corresponding suggestions are put forward, including defining the concept of legislation and theory, clarifying the subject, perfecting the responsibility of the subject, to the form of mutual aid association in practice and the government intervention in the management of the protection of stray animals, and so on, in order to achieve a multi-pronged approach. The theory combines with practice to solve the problem of torts of stray animals.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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