民间借贷中机会主义诉讼现状及预防

发布时间：2018-03-28 18:35

本文选题：民间借贷　切入点：案多人少　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：案多人少是当前法院系统面临的主要矛盾。它不仅导致司法总成本的不断攀升,更严重阻碍着案件质量的提升,司法目的的实现。解决这一矛盾的方法有两种,一是增加办案人员,但同时会增加司法成本,二是科学运用现有司法资源降低案件数量,但前期会比较艰难。根据法律经济学中成本最小化的原则,笔者认为第二种方法更为科学。因为随案件增加人员不仅会导致司法成本无穷大,在案件数量减少是还会产生资源浪费问题。要想真正降低案件数量,就必须深入分析案件数量的现实状况。笔者针对笔者所调研的基层法院近5年民间借贷案件进行专项研究。笔者发现,机会主义诉讼是导致民间借贷案件大量增加的主要原因。为此,笔者便开始了对机会主义诉讼的分析研究。第一部分笔者将分析笔者所调研的基层法院近5年民间借贷案件,并证明机会主义诉讼是导致案多的根本原因。债权人99.79%的高胜诉率说明其与债务人之间的诉讼并无太大争议;债权人59.69%的高让步率说明债务人的高获利率;债务人再次被起诉则说明债务人希望从诉讼中获利。由此可知,债务人进行诉讼的目的不是解决纠纷,而是为了获取利益。这就是典型的机会主义诉讼。第二部分笔者将从机会主义的概念开始,从诉讼目的,行为实质、行为手段三个方面阐明机会主义诉讼的概念。笔者认为机会主义诉讼就是义务人为追求个人利益最大化,故意隐瞒、扭曲自身财产信息,违背诚实信用原则,等待或迫使权利人对自己提起的诉讼。第三部分笔者将分析机会主义诉讼的特点。除追求利益最大化外还具有只能义务人获利,多存于调解案件,违背诚实信用原则等特点。第四部分是机会主义诉讼产生的原因。笔者将其归结为利益至上的价值追求、征信系统不完善、司法权威丧失三个方面。第五部分是机会主义诉讼的防止。一是始终如一的裁判案件。二是解决执行难,压缩机会主义诉讼生存空间。三是提高拒不执行判决罪的打击概率,提高机会主义诉讼成本,降低预期收益。
[Abstract]:The main contradiction facing the current court system is that there are more and less cases. It not only leads to the rising of total judicial costs, but also seriously hinders the improvement of the quality of cases and the realization of judicial purposes. There are two ways to solve this contradiction. One is to increase the number of case handlers, but at the same time it will increase judicial costs. The other is to use existing judicial resources scientifically to reduce the number of cases, but in the early stage it will be more difficult. According to the principle of minimizing costs in law and economics, The author thinks that the second method is more scientific, because increasing the number of cases will not only lead to infinite judicial costs, but also lead to the waste of resources when the number of cases is reduced, if we want to really reduce the number of cases, It is necessary to analyze the actual situation of the number of cases in depth. The author conducts a special study on the private lending cases in the grassroots courts investigated by the author in the past five years. Opportunistic litigation is the main reason that leads to the large increase of private lending cases. Therefore, the author begins to analyze the opportunistic litigation. The first part will analyze the basic court cases of private lending in the past five years, which have been investigated by the author. It is proved that opportunistic litigation is the root cause of the large number of cases. The high rate of success of the creditor 99.79% shows that there is no great dispute between the creditor and the debtor, and the high concession rate of 59.69% of the creditor shows the high profit rate of the debtor. If the debtor is sued again, it shows that the debtor wishes to profit from the action. Therefore, the purpose of the debtor's litigation is not to resolve the dispute, This is the typical opportunistic litigation. The second part will begin with the concept of opportunism, from the purpose of litigation, from the nature of the act. This paper expounds the concept of opportunistic litigation from three aspects: the author thinks that opportunistic litigation is to pursue the maximization of personal interests, deliberately conceal, distort and violate the principle of good faith, to conceal and distort the information of one's own property, and to violate the principle of good faith. In the third part, the author will analyze the characteristics of opportunistic litigation. The fourth part is the cause of opportunism litigation. The author puts it down to the value pursuit of the first interest, the imperfect credit information system, and so on. The fifth part is the prevention of opportunistic litigation. One is consistent adjudication cases. The other is to solve the difficulty of execution and to reduce the living space of opportunistic litigation. The third is to improve the probability of attacking the crime of refusing to execute the judgment. Increase opportunistic litigation costs and reduce expected benefits.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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